Question 1

Which nursing action is appropriate when providing care to a pediatric patient who is on expanded contact precautions?

Accepted Answer

When caring for a pediatric patient who is on expanded contact precautions, it is appropriate to use soap and water for hand hygiene, as this is the most effective method of removing microorganisms from the hands. Wearing masks, shoe protection, and using alcohol-based sanitizer may also be appropriate depending on the specific precautions required, but hand hygiene with soap and water is always essential.

Question 2

A child who has not had a tetanus immunization steps on a rusty nail.Which term should the nurse use to identify the tetanus immunization when teaching the parents about the vaccine?

Accepted Answer

Tetanus immunization refers to a toxoid vaccine, which contains a chemically modified toxin that stimulates the body's immune system to produce protective antibodies against the tetanus bacteria. It is not a live virus vaccine or a killed virus vaccine, nor is it a recombinant vaccine.

Question 3

Which personal protective equipment (PPE)should the nurse don when providing care within 3 feet of a pediatric patient who is on droplet precautions?

Accepted Answer

When providing care within 3 feet of a pediatric patient who is on droplet precautions, the nurse should don a mask to protect against droplets from the patient's respiratory secretions. Gowns, gloves, and eye shields are not necessary for droplet precautions.

Question 4

The pediatric nurse concludes parent teaching about children and influenza by asking: "How long does the incubation period for influenza last?" Which response by the parent indicates appropriate understanding?

Accepted Answer

The incubation period for influenza typically lasts 1 to 3 days. This is the time from when a person is first exposed to the flu virus to when symptoms start to appear.

Question 5

Which is the priority nursing action when it is suspected that an infectious agent has been used as a weapon by terrorists?

Accepted Answer

Initiating airborne and contact precautions is the priority nursing action when it is suspected that an infectious agent has been used as a weapon by terrorists. This is because these precautions will help to prevent the spread of the infection to others, including healthcare workers. Separating patients according to age or level of development may be a consideration, but it is not the priority action. Disposing of blood-contaminated needles in a lead-lined container is important for preventing exposure to infectious agents in general, but it does not address the specific situation of a potential terrorist attack with an infectious agent.

Question 6

A parent reports that her 5-year-old child,who has had all the recommended immunizations,had a mild fever 1 week ago and now has bright red cheeks and a lacy red maculopapular rash on the trunk and arms.Which diagnosis does the nurse anticipate on the basis of the current data?

Accepted Answer

The symptoms described are classic for fifth disease, also known as erythema infectiosum. The rash typically begins on the cheeks, giving the child a "slapped cheek" appearance, and then spreads to the trunk and extremities in a lacy pattern. It is a viral illness caused by parvovirus B19, and is usually self-limited and resolves without complications. It is common in children and is usually not serious, but caution should be used in pregnant women, as infection with the virus can cause fetal complications.

Question 7

There has been an outbreak of communicable diseases in the community.To reduce parental anxiety,the nurse presents information about diseases at the school's Parent Teacher Association meeting.Which vector-borne diseases,not communicable from person to person,should the nurse include in the teaching session? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

The question asks for vector-borne diseases, which means they are spread through the bite or contact of an infected animal or insect. Measles and whooping cough are not vector-borne, but are spread through respiratory secretions from person-to-person. Rocky Mountain spotted fever, West Nile virus, and Lyme disease are all spread through the bites of ticks or mosquitoes and are therefore vector-borne.

Question 8

When conducting a child's physical assessment,the pediatric nurse recognizes that the child's "slapped cheek" facial rash is associated with which virus?

Accepted Answer

"Slapped cheek" facial rash is a classic symptom of Fifth disease, which is caused by the parvovirus B19.

Question 9

A 4-month-old infant is brought to the clinic to have a second diphtheria,tetanus,and pertussis (DTaP)vaccine.The infant's mother states that the infant has had a runny nose for the last 2 days but no fever.Prior to administering the infant's immunization,which question from the nurse to the mother is the most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Before administering any immunization, it is important to inquire about any reactions that may have occurred following a prior immunization. This will help determine if any precautionary measures need to be taken. A runny nose alone is not a contraindication for administering immunizations, so option A is an inappropriate and incorrect statement. Option C may be important but is not relevant to administering the current vaccine. Option D is also unnecessary and inappropriate as premedication with steroids is not typically recommended for routine immunizations.

Question 10

The nurse is providing care to a child who is diagnosed with Lyme disease.The mother wants to know how to protect her other children from contracting this disease from the infected child.Which should the nurse include in the teaching session regarding the transmission of this disease process?

Accepted Answer

Lyme disease is transmitted through the bite of an infected deer tick or black-legged tick. Therefore, the disease is transmitted from animal to person. It is not transmitted person to person, adult to child, or person to insects.

Question 11

An adolescent patient has blood drawn by the clinic nurse for laboratory studies confirming an infection with the Epstein-Barr virus.The clinic nurse is teaching the adolescent and parents about the appropriate treatment.Along with rest and acetaminophen (Tylenol)for pharyngitis,which other point does the nurse include in the educational session?

Accepted Answer

An extended absence from contact sports should be included in the education because the Epstein-Barr virus causes infectious mononucleosis which can cause an enlarged spleen. Participating in contact sports can cause trauma to the spleen and lead to a potentially life-threatening condition called splenic rupture. It is important for the patient to avoid contact sports until the spleen has returned to its normal size. Tepid baths, oral care, and frequent follow-up appointments are not necessary for the treatment of Epstein-Barr virus.

Question 12

A mother brings in her 4-month-old infant for a routine checkup and vaccinations.The mother reports that her child was exposed to the flu.Which nursing action is accurate on the basis of the current data?

Accepted Answer

According to current data, there is no contraindication for giving vaccinations to an infant who has been exposed to the flu. Therefore, the vaccinations should be given as scheduled to protect the infant from other preventable diseases.

Question 13

Which nursing actions allow a child to acquire active immunity against a disease? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

Administering a killed virus vaccine or administering a toxoid vaccine both allow a child to acquire active immunity against a disease. Immunoglobulins provide passive immunity and antibiotic/antiviral therapies treat existing infections rather than preventing them.

Question 14

When evaluating a pediatric patient's laboratory data,the nurse knows that which blood cell component seeks out and destroys organisms that might cause disease?

Accepted Answer

The answer of When evaluating a pediatric patient's laboratory data,the...

Question 15

The nurse is teaching parents how to prevent the spread of infectious disease.Which priority health promotion strategy should the nurse recommend for all age groups of children?

Accepted Answer

Hand hygiene is a fundamental and effective way to prevent the spread of infectious disease among children of all age groups. A variety of pathogens can be carried on the hands, and hand hygiene helps to reduce the risk of transmission. While the other options may be important components of preventing infectious disease, they are not as universally applicable as hand hygiene.

Question 16

A new mother brings her infant to the clinic for a 1-month checkup.The mother confides that she has heard many concerns expressed by other parents about immunizations and is not sure that she wants her baby to receive any immunizations.Which response by the nurse is the most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

The nurse should first assess the mother's concerns and ask her to explain them. This can help the nurse address specific concerns and provide accurate information to alleviate any fears or doubts the mother may have. Giving the mother resources or deferring to the doctor without first addressing her concerns may not be helpful in this situation.

Question 17

A child presents in the emergency department (ED)after experiencing flu-like symptoms for 24 hours.The health-care provider diagnoses the child with swine influenza.Which assessment data collected by the nurse support this diagnosis? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

Swine influenza typically presents with symptoms such as fever, malaise, and rhinorrhea. Skin lesions and a red rash on the face are not typically associated with swine influenza.

Question 18

A mother refuses to have her child immunized with the measles,mumps,and rubella (MMR)vaccine because she believes that letting her infant get these diseases will help him fight off other diseases later in life.Which is an appropriate response by the nurse?

Accepted Answer

The nurse should provide education to the mother about the potential complications of measles, mumps, and rubella infections. This can help the mother make an informed decision about the importance of the MMR vaccine for her child's health. Simply telling the mother she is wrong or honoring her request without discussion does not provide appropriate nursing care. While informing the mother about the risk of exposing pregnant women to the virus is important, it may not be the most effective response in this situation as it does not directly address the mother's concern about her child's immune system.

Question 19

Which nursing action is most appropriate to decrease the risk of transmitting viral infections by patients and family members at a local clinic?

Accepted Answer

Sanitizing toys, telephones, and doorknobs can help kill viruses and prevent their transmission, while teaching safe food preparation and storage may not be directly related to viral transmission. Withholding immunizations for children with compromised immune systems would increase the risk of viral infection, and allowing all children to congregate in the same waiting room would increase the risk of viral transmission.

Question 20

The mother of an immunocompromised child expresses concern that her child will "catch" a disease from the scheduled vaccination.Which vaccines can be administered to this child because they carry no risk for acquiring the infection? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

Toxoid and killed virus vaccines do not contain live pathogens, so there is no risk of the child acquiring the infection. Immunoglobulins are pre-formed antibodies that can provide immediate protection against a specific infection. Live virus and attenuated vaccines contain weakened or modified live pathogens and therefore carry a small risk of causing illness in immunocompromised individuals.

Quiz 39: Child With a Communicable Disease