Question 1

Which action related to insulin administration should the nurse include in the teaching plan for an adolescent client who has been newly diagnosed with DM,in order to avoid the development of lipoatrophy?

Accepted Answer

Rotating injection sites helps to avoid the development of lipoatrophy, which is the localized loss of fat tissue at the injection site. Checking blood sugar levels, using a sliding scale, and administering insulin via a pump are important aspects of diabetes management, but do not specifically address the prevention of lipoatrophy.

Question 2

Which statement regarding the endocrine system is accurate?

Accepted Answer

The pancreas produces insulin and glucagon, which are involved in regulating metabolism and blood sugar levels. The hypothalamus is not a photosensitive gland, the pituitary gland produces hormones such as growth hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone, but not thyroxin and triiodothyronine, and the adrenal glands produce hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline, but not steroidal sex hormones that regulate changes at puberty.

Question 3

Which assessment data for a pediatric client support the diagnosis of familial or idiopathic central DI? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

C,D,E

Question 4

An adolescent patient presents in the emergency department (ED)with confusion.The health-care provider suspects diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).A STAT serum glucose is done,and the result is 715 mg/dL.Which clinical manifestations does the nurse anticipate upon assessment of this client?

Accepted Answer

The answer of An adolescent patient presents in the emergency...

Question 5

The nurse is giving discharge instructions to the parents of a child whose adrenal glands have been removed because of a tumor.Which parental statement indicates the need for further education?

Accepted Answer

Holding hydrocortisone in the event of vomiting and diarrhea is incorrect because hydrocortisone is essential for a child without adrenal glands to replace the cortisol the body can no longer produce. In situations of stress, such as illness, the need for hydrocortisone increases, not decreases.

Question 6

Which prescriber prescription should the nurse anticipate when providing care to a pediatric patient diagnosed with SIADH?

Accepted Answer

The treatment for SIADH typically involves restriction of oral fluids in order to decrease the amount of water being retained by the body. Furosemide, insulin injections, and blood glucose monitoring are not typically used in the treatment of SIADH.

Question 7

Which clinical manifestation does the nurse anticipate when assisting with the assessment of a child diagnosed with acromegaly?

Accepted Answer

Acromegaly is a condition caused by excessive growth hormone production. It is characterized by overgrowth of the bones and soft tissues, leading to osteoarthritis.

Question 8

Which type of nutrition should the nurse include when planning care for a newborn who is diagnosed with galactosemia?

Accepted Answer

Galactosemia is an inherited disorder that affects the body's ability to metabolize the sugar galactose found in milk and milk products. Therefore, lactose-free formula would be the most appropriate choice for a newborn diagnosed with galactosemia. Goat's milk formula may still contain some galactose, and cow's milk-based formula and breast milk contain higher levels of galactose, which can cause severe symptoms in infants with galactosemia.

Question 9

A 5-year-old child with a history of hypopituitarism presents with complaints of right hip and leg pain.Which prescribed medication for the diagnosis should the nurse identify as the cause for the current symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Daily growth hormone therapy can lead to side effects such as hip and leg pain, which may be indicative of slipped capital femoral epiphysis, a known complication in children receiving growth hormone treatment.

Question 10

The nurse is providing information to an adolescent newly diagnosed with diabetes.Which clinical manifestations of DKA should the nurse include in the teaching session? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse is providing information to an...

Question 11

Which assessment finding causes the nurse to question whether a preschool-aged boy diagnosed with phenylketonuria (PKU)shortly after birth is following the prescribed dietary restrictions?

Accepted Answer

A musty odor is a classic symptom of untreated PKU, indicating that the child is not following the prescribed dietary restrictions. PKU is a genetic disorder that prevents the body from breaking down an amino acid called phenylalanine. If phenylalanine builds up in the body, it can cause brain damage and other severe health problems. To prevent brain damage, infants with PKU must follow a special diet that restricts phenylalanine intake from protein. Without this dietary restriction, individuals with PKU will develop symptoms such as the odor of phenylacetic acid in sweat and urine. The other options, including blue eyes and blond hair (B), sleepiness (C), and sunburn (D), are not necessarily related to PKU or dietary restrictions.

Question 12

Which sequela should the nurse include in the teaching session for a parent who does not believe in medication for the treatment of the newborn's hypothyroidism?

Accepted Answer

Hypothyroidism in newborns can lead to delayed mental processing and developmental delays if left untreated. Medication is necessary to restore normal thyroid function and prevent these complications. While heart disease and renal failure can be associated with untreated hypothyroidism in adults, they are less likely to occur in newborns with prompt treatment. Thyroid storm is a rare complication of hypothyroidism management and is not a relevant sequela to discuss with a parent who refuses medication.

Question 13

Which clinical manifestations should the nurse anticipate when providing care to an adolescent client who presents with untreated Graves' disease?

Accepted Answer

Common clinical manifestations of untreated Graves' disease include tachycardia, fatigue, heat intolerance, weight loss, and increased appetite. Other possible signs and symptoms may include tremors, nervousness or agitation, sweating, palpitations, goiter, eye problems (such as bulging eyes, double vision, or eye irritation), and menstrual irregularities. Hyperglycemia, ketonuria, glucosuria, weight gain, hirsutism, muscle weakness, dehydration, metabolic acidosis, and hypertension are not typically associated with Graves' disease.

Question 14

A mother brings her school-aged daughter to the pediatrician.Upon hearing the daughter's symptoms,the health-care provider prescribes a test for type 1 DM.Which data collected during the nursing assessment support the diagnosis of type 1 diabetes? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

Type 1 diabetes symptoms include polydipsia (increased thirst), polyuria (increased urination), polyphagia (increased hunger), and in children, enuresis (bedwetting) can also be a sign. Hypoglycemia is a potential complication of diabetes treatment, not a direct symptom of undiagnosed diabetes.

Question 15

Which teaching point should the nurse include in the discharge instructions for the parents of an infant who has been diagnosed with congenital hypothyroidism and has been prescribed daily levothyroxine?

Accepted Answer

Infants with congenital hypothyroidism may have difficulty regulating their body temperature and are at increased risk for hypothermia, so it is important to dress them appropriately and ensure they are kept warm. It is crucial for the infant to continue taking the daily levothyroxine medication as prescribed, as it is necessary for normal growth and development. Changing formula is not necessarily indicated unless there is a specific contraindication with the medication. Monitoring growth and development is important, but the primary focus should be on ensuring the infant receives the prescribed medication and maintaining appropriate body temperature.

Question 16

Which should the nurse anticipate when providing care to a pediatric patient diagnosed with diabetes insipidus (DI)?

Accepted Answer

Diabetes insipidus is characterized by excessive thirst and uncontrolled diuresis due to a deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). The nurse should anticipate the need for frequent monitoring of the patient's fluid intake and output to prevent dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. Anuria, oliguria, and dependent edema are not typically associated with diabetes insipidus.

Question 17

The nurse is providing education to a school-aged child recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM).Which item will the nurse include in the teaching plan regarding sick day management?

Accepted Answer

When a child with DM is sick, it is important to monitor for the presence of ketones in the urine as this can indicate a shift towards diabetic ketoacidosis. Holding the prescribed dose of insulin or encouraging exercise may not be appropriate during illness, and monitoring blood glucose every 8 hours may not provide enough information about the child's glycemic control during an illness.

Question 18

An endocrinologist orders a test(s)for a child to diagnose adrenal crisis.Which test(s)does the nurse anticipate on the basis of the child's diagnosis? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

The answer of An endocrinologist orders a test(s)for a child...

Question 19

Which is the priority nursing action when providing care for a school-aged child admitted to the hospital experiencing an adrenal crisis?

Accepted Answer

The priority nursing action when providing care for a school-aged child admitted to the hospital experiencing an adrenal crisis is administering prescribed fluids and electrolytes. Adrenal crisis can lead to severe dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. Rest, monitoring stool output, and pain relief are also important interventions, but administering fluids and electrolytes should be the top priority.

Question 20

The nurse is providing care to a pediatric patient experiencing a hyperactive adrenal medulla.Which clinical manifestation should the nurse anticipate during the assessment process?

Accepted Answer

A hyperactive adrenal medulla leads to an overproduction of epinephrine and norepinephrine, causing increased respiratory rate (tachypnea). Hypoglycemia can occur with a hypoactive adrenal cortex, not a hyperactive adrenal medulla. Constipation and edema are not commonly associated with an overactive adrenal medulla.

Quiz 34: Child With a Metabolic Condition