Question 1

Affectively based attitudes tend to stem from any of the following sources except

Accepted Answer

Affectively based attitudes are based on emotions and feelings rather than a rational appraisal of costs and benefits. The other options - personal values, sensory experiences, and conditioning - are all potential sources of affectively based attitudes.

Question 2

A positive attitude can be formed via classical conditioning when an attitude object is repeatedly paired with

Accepted Answer

Classical conditioning involves learning by association, where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a meaningful stimulus or experience. In this case, if the attitude object is repeatedly paired with a pleasant stimulus or experience, a positive attitude can be formed through the association.

Question 3

An attitude is usually considered to be affectively based if it is

Accepted Answer

An affectively based attitude is one that is based on emotions or values, rather than logical examination. Therefore, the best choice is D: linked to values. Values are a key component of affective attitudes and can strongly influence behavior.

Question 4

Why are affectively based attitudes so resistant to logical persuasive attempts to change them? Affectively based attitudes are

Accepted Answer

Affectively based attitudes are often linked to values, which are deeply ingrained and resistant to change through logical persuasion. Rational arguments may not be able to override the emotional attachment to these values.

Question 5

Samantha really enjoys Gummy Bears. Her attitude did not stem from any rational examination of the nutritional value of this food, and isn't governed by logic (she can't be persuaded to stop eating them). Samantha's attitude about Gummy Bears is most likely ________ based.

Accepted Answer

Samantha's attitude towards Gummy Bears is affectively based because it is driven by her emotional response to them rather than a rational examination of their nutritional value or any logical reasoning.

Question 6

Although affectively based attitudes can be derived from a number of different sources, they are alike in that they tend to be

Accepted Answer

Affectively based attitudes are linked to personal values, emotions, and past experiences rather than being based on rational examination of relevant information or being logically organized.

Question 7

In all likelihood, attitudes toward _______ are affectively based, and stem from _______.

Accepted Answer

Attitudes towards the death penalty are often affectively based and stem from people's values. Abortion may also be affectively based, but is unlikely to be solely influenced by logical examination of the facts. Cleaning products and instant coffee are unlikely to be the subject of strong affective attitudes.

Question 8

Aicha's whole family loves the Red Sox. Recently, Aicha has begun rooting for the Yankees. When she's at home, she receives a lot of jokes and disapproval from her family. This reaction to her behavior is a(n)

Accepted Answer

Punishment is a consequence that follows a behavior and decreases the likelihood of that behavior happening again. In this scenario, Aicha's family is disapproving of her behavior (rooting for the Yankees), which may lessen the chance that she will continue to root for them. Therefore, her family's disapproval is a form of punishment.

Question 9

The Rolling Stones' "Satisfaction" was playing on the radio when Margaret's fiancé broke off their engagement. Margaret was heartbroken, of course, and can no longer stand the Rolling Stones or their songs, and turns them off every time they come on the radio. Margaret's attitude toward the Rolling Stones and their songs is affectively based in that it was

Accepted Answer

Margaret's negative attitude toward the Rolling Stones and their songs is based on classical conditioning, as it was linked to a traumatic experience of her fiancé breaking their engagement while the song was playing. The song now triggers a negative emotional response in her, resulting in her turning it off every time it comes on the radio.

Question 10

When Myra looks at the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel for the first time and sees the gorgeous art, she is awestruck, and even moved to tears by the beauty of it. Her affective-based attitude is a result of

Accepted Answer

Myra's affective-based attitude is a result of a sensory reaction. She is experiencing an emotional response to the visual beauty of the art on the ceiling, which is a type of sensory stimulation. This is different from her beliefs or values, which may also play a role in her overall attitude toward the artwork. Classical conditioning may also be a factor, but it is not specifically mentioned in the scenario.

Question 11

The function of affectively based attitudes is to

Accepted Answer

Affectively based attitudes are based on emotions and values, which means they are closely tied to one's fundamental beliefs and values. These attitudes express and validate one's basic value system, rather than painting an accurate picture of the world or weighing the pluses and minuses of an attitude object. While affectively based attitudes can influence behavior, their primary function is to serve as a reflection of one's personal values and beliefs.

Question 12

Miguel recaptures the freedom of his youth when he test-drives the new Volkswagen "Bug." He feels twenty-five years younger, and remembers cruising the beaches of California in his old 1970 Bug when he was in college. He decides to purchase that new VW model. Miguel's positive attitude toward the car is primarily driven by

Accepted Answer

Miguel's positive attitude toward the car is primarily driven by his emotional response to the memories of his youth and the feeling of recapturing that freedom. This emotional response is part of the affective component of Attitude.

Question 13

Claude had an unpleasant experience during his last visit to Dallas, Texas. He was approached by two men with strong Texas accents who wielded a sharp knife, roughed him up, cracked a rib, and stole all his money. Ever since Claude was mugged, he has taken an instant dislike to anyone who speaks with a Texas twang. Claude's negative attitude toward Texas accents is most probably a result of

Accepted Answer

Claude's negative attitude toward Texas accents is most likely the result of classical conditioning, where the negative experience of being mugged in Dallas has become associated with the strong Texas accent of the two men who attacked him.

Question 14

It is estimated that one-third of the electorate knows almost nothing about specific politicians. Nonetheless, these people hold very strong opinions about them. This pattern of findings suggests that people's attitudes toward politicians may be largely

Accepted Answer

The fact that people hold strong opinions about politicians despite knowing little about them implies that their attitudes are based more on affect (emotional reactions) rather than cognition (knowledge and beliefs). This aligns with option B, which suggests that people's attitudes are "affectively based."

Question 15

If Little Joey gets punished every time he plays with matches, Joey may develop a negative attitude toward matches. What would best explain Joey's negative attitude toward them?

Accepted Answer

The answer of If Little Joey gets punished every time...

Question 16

André is not at all familiar with a presidential candidate's stand on the issues or with his proposed policies, but André likes "his" candidate and plans to vote for him anyway. This example illustrates that people's attitudes toward politicians are often

Accepted Answer

André's attitude towards the candidate is based on his feelings or emotions, which is an affective-based attitude.

Question 17

All of the following are characteristics of affectively based attitudes except that they are

Accepted Answer

Affectively based attitudes are not governed by logic, but rather by emotions and feelings. The other options are all characteristics of affectively based attitudes.

Question 18

An attitude based on operant conditioning is formed when a behavior toward an attitude object is

Accepted Answer

An attitude based on operant conditioning is formed when the behavior toward an attitude object is positively reinforced. This means that if the individual engages in a behavior that is rewarded or reinforced in some way (such as receiving praise, a prize, or other positive consequences), their attitude toward the object or situation may become more positive as a result.

Question 19

Paul has a very positive reaction to the smell of wood smoke. In all likelihood, this is because the smell of a fire reminds him of wonderful winter days he spent as a child in front of the fireplace at his grandparents' cabin in the north woods. This example illustrates ________ as a basis for affectively based attitudes.

Accepted Answer

The example describes classical conditioning as the reason for the positive reaction to the smell of wood smoke. Essentially, the smell of wood smoke has become associated with the positive memories of spending time in front of the fireplace at his grandparents' cabin.

Question 20

Cognitively based attitude is to ________ as ________ attitude is to emotion.

Accepted Answer

Cognitively based attitudes are based on cognitive information and appraisal of the situation, while affectively based attitudes are based on emotions and feelings. Therefore, appraisal is to affectively based attitudes as cognition is to cognitively based attitudes.

Quiz 7: Attitudes and Attitude Change: Influencing Thoughts and Feelings