Question 1

In _____ cultures, people are less likely to perceive others in terms of personal dispositions.

Accepted Answer

In collectivistic cultures, individuals are perceived and judged more in terms of their role in the group than their personal dispositions, as group harmony and cohesion is prioritized over individualism. In individualistic cultures, on the other hand, individuals are more likely to be seen as unique individuals with their own personal traits and characteristics.

Question 2

The tendency for observers to underestimate situational influences and overestimate dispositional influences on other people's behavior is called the

Accepted Answer

The described tendency is known as the fundamental attribution error, which refers to the tendency to explain other people's behavior in terms of their disposition, rather than considering situational factors that may have affected their behavior. The other options are unrelated to this specific bias.

Question 3

People in Western cultures are more inclined to assume that others' behaviors

Accepted Answer

People in Western cultures have a tendency to attribute behaviors to internal traits, such as personality or disposition, rather than external circumstances or situations. This phenomenon is known as the fundamental attribution error.

Question 4

Those who make dispositional attributions regarding poverty and unemployment tend to adopt political positions that

Accepted Answer

Dispositional attributions involve attributing people's situations to their personal characteristics or choices. Those who make such attributions regarding poverty and unemployment often believe that individuals are responsible for their own circumstances, leading to less sympathy and support for policies that aid the poor.

Question 5

Attributing behavior to a person's environment is called _____ attribution.

Accepted Answer

Situational attribution involves attributing a person's behavior to external factors, such as their environment or circumstances, rather than to their internal disposition or characteristics.

Question 6

In a study conducted by Lassiter and his colleagues (2005), participants observed a suspect confessing during a police interview. The results indicated that participants were more likely to perceive the confession as coerced when they viewed the confession

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a study conducted by Lassiter and...

Question 7

According to a study by Burger and Pavelich (1994), voters were more likely to attribute the outcome of an election to the _____ the day after a presidential election, and to the _____ a year after the election.

Accepted Answer

According to the study by Burger and Pavelich (1994), voters were more likely to attribute the outcome of an election to the candidate's personal traits and positions the day after a presidential election. However, a year after the election, voters were more likely to attribute the outcome to the nation's economy. Therefore, the best choice is C, which matches these findings.

Question 8

Fundamental attribution error is the tendency for observers to _____ situational influences and _____dispositional influences on behavior.

Accepted Answer

Fundamental attribution error refers to the tendency to overemphasize dispositional explanations for behavior and to underestimate the impact of situational influences. Therefore, observers tend to underestimate situational influences and overestimate dispositional influences on behavior, making option B the correct answer.

Question 9

Inferring that Cinderella is truly meek as she cowers in her oppressive home is an example of how we often

Accepted Answer

We often overlook the situational influences that might affect a person's behavior, such as Cinderella's oppressive home environment, and instead attribute her meekness to her character.

Question 10

In an experiment, Lee Ross set up a simulated quiz game. He randomly assigned some Stanford University students to play the role of questioner, some to play the role of contestant, and others to observe. Results indicated that

Accepted Answer

The experiment demonstrated the fundamental attribution error, where both contestants and observers attributed the questioners' ability to ask questions to their knowledge, rather than considering the situational advantage of being the questioner.

Question 11

During his project presentation, Bob falls sick and performs poorly. However, his colleague, Dan, concludes that Bob is timid and lacks confidence. Dan's tendency to ignore Bob's sickness and focus on his traits as a reason for his poor performance exemplifies

Accepted Answer

Dan's tendency to attribute Bob's poor performance to his traits, such as being timid and lacking confidence, rather than considering situational factors such as his sickness, is an example of fundamental attribution error. This cognitive bias refers to the tendency to overestimate the influence of dispositional factors and underestimate the impact of situational factors when explaining the behavior of others.

Question 12

Researchers Edward Jones and Victor Harris (1967) had Duke University students read debaters' speeches either supporting or attacking Cuban leader Fidel Castro. When the students were later told that each debater's position had been assigned, they

Accepted Answer

The students concluded that to some extent the speech reflected the speaker's true beliefs, suggesting that they did not believe the position to be solely a result of the assignment, but rather a reflection of the debater's personal beliefs.

Question 13

In the context of fundamental attribution error, observers tend to attribute a person's behavior to _____ with the passage of time.

Accepted Answer

As time passes, observers tend to attribute a person's behavior less to their traits and more to the situation they are in. This is known as the "time lag effect" and has been observed in numerous studies on fundamental attribution error.

Question 14

Those who make situational attributions regarding poverty and unemployment tend to adopt political positions that

Accepted Answer

Those who make situational attributions view poverty and unemployment as caused by external factors such as the economy or lack of opportunity rather than personal deficiencies such as laziness or lack of work ethic. Such individuals are more likely to support policies that offer direct support to the poor such as welfare programs, job training, and education initiatives.

Question 15

According to the fundamental attribution error, observers

Accepted Answer

The fundamental attribution error refers to the tendency for observers to underestimate situational influences and overemphasize dispositional (internal) causes when making attributions about others' behavior.

Question 16

After reading a newspaper article about teenagers who illegally download music from the Internet, you conclude that those who engage in such behavior are morally bankrupt. It never occurs to you that the reason teenagers download music from the Internet is because they are not able to afford the price of a compact disc, or the temptation to download, coupled with the peer pressure to do so, is often great. Your thinking on this matter can be characterized by the

Accepted Answer

The fundamental attribution error is when we overemphasize dispositional explanations for other people's behavior instead of considering situational factors. In this case, the person is assuming that the teenagers who illegally download music are morally bankrupt instead of considering the situational factors that may be contributing to their behavior, such as financial constraints or peer pressure.

Question 17

We tend to underestimate the situational determinants of others' behavior but not our own because we perceive others in a different manner than our own selves. This is known as the

Accepted Answer

The phenomenon described is known as the actor-observer perspective, where we tend to attribute others' behaviors to dispositional factors while making situational attributions for our own behavior. This is because we have more information about our own situation and internal states compared to others, which leads to a bias in our perception of their behavior.

Question 18

A belief that leads to its own accomplishment is called

Accepted Answer

A belief that leads to its own accomplishment is known as a self-fulfilling prophecy, where an individual's belief about a situation or event influences their behavior and ultimately brings about the expected outcome. This phenomenon has been observed in various contexts, including education, sports, and interpersonal relationships.

Question 19

In a study conducted by Lassiter and his colleagues (2005), participants observed a suspect confessing during a police interview. The results indicated that participants were more likely to perceive the confession as genuine when they viewed the confession

Accepted Answer

The study found that when the camera was focused on the suspect, participants were more likely to perceive the confession as genuine due to the visual focus on the suspect's demeanor and expressions.

Question 20

Burger and Pavelich (1994) found that voters were more likely to attribute the outcome of an election to the candidate's personal traits and positions the day after a presidential election, and to the nation's economy a year after the election. This represents which of the following explanations for the fundamental attribution error?

Accepted Answer

The passage of time decreases the tendency toward the attribution error. Burger and Pavelich found that voters were more likely to attribute the outcome of an election to the candidate's personal traits and positions the day after a presidential election, but to the nation's economy a year after the election. This suggests that over time, people may be more likely to consider situational factors in their attributions, rather than solely relying on dispositional factors.

Quiz 3: Consciousness and the Two-Track Mind

In _____ cultures, people are less likely to perceive others in terms of personal dispositions.

The tendency for observers to underestimate situational influences and overestimate dispositional influences on other people's behavior is called the

People in Western cultures are more inclined to assume that others' behaviors

Those who make dispositional attributions regarding poverty and unemployment tend to adopt political positions that

Attributing behavior to a person's environment is called _____ attribution.

In a study conducted by Lassiter and his colleagues (2005) , participants observed a suspect confessing during a police interview. The results indicated that participants were more likely to perceive the confession as coerced when they viewed the confession

According to a study by Burger and Pavelich (1994) , voters were more likely to attribute the outcome of an election to the _ the day after a presidential election, and to the _ a year after the election.

Fundamental attribution error is the tendency for observers to _ situational influences and _dispositional influences on behavior.

Inferring that Cinderella is truly meek as she cowers in her oppressive home is an example of how we often

In an experiment, Lee Ross set up a simulated quiz game. He randomly assigned some Stanford University students to play the role of questioner, some to play the role of contestant, and others to observe. Results indicated that

During his project presentation, Bob falls sick and performs poorly. However, his colleague, Dan, concludes that Bob is timid and lacks confidence. Dan's tendency to ignore Bob's sickness and focus on his traits as a reason for his poor performance exemplifies

Researchers Edward Jones and Victor Harris (1967) had Duke University students read debaters' speeches either supporting or attacking Cuban leader Fidel Castro. When the students were later told that each debater's position had been assigned, they

In the context of fundamental attribution error, observers tend to attribute a person's behavior to _____ with the passage of time.

Those who make situational attributions regarding poverty and unemployment tend to adopt political positions that

According to the fundamental attribution error, observers

We tend to underestimate the situational determinants of others' behavior but not our own because we perceive others in a different manner than our own selves. This is known as the

A belief that leads to its own accomplishment is called

In a study conducted by Lassiter and his colleagues (2005) , participants observed a suspect confessing during a police interview. The results indicated that participants were more likely to perceive the confession as genuine when they viewed the confession

Quiz 3: Consciousness and the Two-Track Mind

In _____ cultures, people are less likely to perceive others in terms of personal dispositions.

The tendency for observers to underestimate situational influences and overestimate dispositional influences on other people's behavior is called the

People in Western cultures are more inclined to assume that others' behaviors

Those who make dispositional attributions regarding poverty and unemployment tend to adopt political positions that

Attributing behavior to a person's environment is called _____ attribution.

In a study conducted by Lassiter and his colleagues (2005) , participants observed a suspect confessing during a police interview. The results indicated that participants were more likely to perceive the confession as coerced when they viewed the confession

According to a study by Burger and Pavelich (1994) , voters were more likely to attribute the outcome of an election to the _____ the day after a presidential election, and to the _____ a year after the election.

Fundamental attribution error is the tendency for observers to _____ situational influences and _____dispositional influences on behavior.

Inferring that Cinderella is truly meek as she cowers in her oppressive home is an example of how we often

In an experiment, Lee Ross set up a simulated quiz game. He randomly assigned some Stanford University students to play the role of questioner, some to play the role of contestant, and others to observe. Results indicated that

During his project presentation, Bob falls sick and performs poorly. However, his colleague, Dan, concludes that Bob is timid and lacks confidence. Dan's tendency to ignore Bob's sickness and focus on his traits as a reason for his poor performance exemplifies

Researchers Edward Jones and Victor Harris (1967) had Duke University students read debaters' speeches either supporting or attacking Cuban leader Fidel Castro. When the students were later told that each debater's position had been assigned, they

In the context of fundamental attribution error, observers tend to attribute a person's behavior to _____ with the passage of time.

Those who make situational attributions regarding poverty and unemployment tend to adopt political positions that

According to the fundamental attribution error, observers

We tend to underestimate the situational determinants of others' behavior but not our own because we perceive others in a different manner than our own selves. This is known as the

A belief that leads to its own accomplishment is called

In a study conducted by Lassiter and his colleagues (2005) , participants observed a suspect confessing during a police interview. The results indicated that participants were more likely to perceive the confession as genuine when they viewed the confession

According to a study by Burger and Pavelich (1994) , voters were more likely to attribute the outcome of an election to the _ the day after a presidential election, and to the _ a year after the election.

Fundamental attribution error is the tendency for observers to _ situational influences and _dispositional influences on behavior.