Question 1

Research indicates that Head Start programs

Accepted Answer

Research shows that Head Start programs do promote immediate improvements in cognitive skills, but these benefits generally fade over time. This suggests that the program has a limited impact on participants' long-term intellectual development.

Question 2

Males' reading ability scores vary ________ than females' scores and males' math test performance scores vary ________ than females' scores.

Accepted Answer

D

Question 3

With increasing age, identical twins' intelligence test scores become ________ positively correlated. With increasing age, adoptive siblings' scores become ________ positively correlated.

Accepted Answer

C

Question 4

The similarity between intelligence scores of fraternal twins reared together is

Accepted Answer

The answer of The similarity between intelligence scores of fraternal...

Question 5

The average intellectual aptitude gap between graduating White and Black college graduates has been observed to ________ during their years in high school and to ________ during their years in college.

Accepted Answer

The statement implies that the intellectual aptitude gap between White and Black college graduates is initially larger in high school and then narrows as they progress through college. Therefore, the correct answer is that the gap increases during their years in high school (as they are developing their intellectual abilities) and decreases during their years in college (as they receive more equal opportunities for education and development).

Question 6

Among entering American collegians, men are ________ likely than women to spend many hours playing video games. Playing action video games has been observed to ________ players' spatial abilities.

Accepted Answer

According to the given information, men are more likely than women to spend many hours playing video games. And playing action video games has been observed to boost players' spatial abilities.

Question 7

On which of the following tasks are men most likely to outperform women?

Accepted Answer

Studies have consistently shown that men tend to have an advantage in mentally rotating three-dimensional objects. However, it is important to note that this is not a universal rule and there can be significant individual variation.

Question 8

On which of the following tasks are women most likely to perform as well or better than men?

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that women tend to be better at memorization and recitation due to differences in brain structure and function.

Question 9

The heritability of intelligence among children of less-educated parents is relatively

Accepted Answer

The heritability of intelligence is the proportion of differences in intelligence among individuals that can be attributed to genetic factors. When it comes to children of less-educated parents, there tend to be larger differences in their environmental settings, such as access to educational resources and quality of schooling, which can have a significant impact on their intelligence. Therefore, despite genetics playing a role in intelligence, the influence of environmental factors is particularly important for this group, resulting in lower heritability of intelligence.

Question 10

Twin and adoption studies are helpful for assessing the ________ of intelligence.

Accepted Answer

Twin and adoption studies allow researchers to estimate the heritability of intelligence by comparing the IQ scores of individuals who are genetically related (like identical twins) to those who are not (like adoptive siblings with no genetic relationship). By examining the degree of similarity in IQ scores between these groups, researchers can determine the extent to which genetics contribute to individual differences in intelligence.

Question 11

Research on the determinants of intelligence indicates that

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that both genes and environment play a role in determining intelligence scores. While there has been some debate around the exact extent of genetic influence, it is widely accepted that both nature and nurture contribute to intellectual development. Option A is incorrect as interest in this topic remains high. Option C is incorrect as there are various methods for assessing the heritability of intelligence. Option D is incorrect as there may be some correlation between one's beliefs about intelligence and their social/political attitudes.

Question 12

The impact of early environmental influences on intelligence is most apparent among young children who experience

Accepted Answer

Young children who experience minimal interaction with caregivers are more likely to be affected by early environmental influences on intelligence, as these interactions are crucial for cognitive development.

Question 13

Students are most likely to develop a "growth mindset" that results in a focus on learning when they believe that intelligence is

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that students who believe intelligence is changeable and can be developed through effort and learning are more likely to develop a growth mindset. This belief helps them to focus on the learning process and embrace challenges, as they view these as opportunities for growth and improvement. On the other hand, students who believe intelligence is fixed and cannot be changed may be more likely to develop a fixed mindset, which can lead to a focus on performance goals and a fear of making mistakes or taking risks.

Question 14

Which of the following observations provides the BEST evidence that intelligence test scores are influenced by environment?

Accepted Answer

Identical twins reared apart being less similar in intelligence scores than those reared together suggests that environmental factors play a significant role in shaping intelligence, as the genetic makeup is the same in both cases.

Question 15

There are many genes, each of which accounts for much less than 1 percent of intelligence variations. This suggests that intelligence is

Accepted Answer

The fact that there are many genes, each accounting for less that 1 percent of intelligence variations, suggests that intelligence is influenced by multiple genes, making it a polygenetic trait.

Question 16

J. McVicker Hunt began a program of tutored human enrichment in an Iranian orphanage. This program trained caregivers to

Accepted Answer

J. McVicker Hunt's program trained caregivers to imitate babies' babbling to encourage language development and social interaction. Ignoring babies' crying is not a part of the program, and calculating babies' intelligence quotients is not the main focus.

Question 17

If the heritability of intelligence within both group A and group B is 100 percent, differences in average intelligence between these groups might result from

Accepted Answer

The answer of If the heritability of intelligence within both...

Question 18

Compared with men, women are ________ capable of remembering objects' spatial locations and they are ________ sensitive to taste and color.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compared with men, women are ________ capable...

Question 19

Research on racial differences in intelligence indicates that

Accepted Answer

The research on racial differences in intelligence suggests that on average, Black Americans perform less well than White Americans on intelligence tests. This has been a controversial topic, and the findings have been debated, but the preponderance of evidence supports this conclusion. It is important to note that this does not mean that all Black individuals are less intelligent than all White individuals, and there is a wide range of individual variability within each racial group. Additionally, it is important to recognize the many social and environmental factors that contribute to these differences, and to strive for equity and fairness in education and opportunity.

Question 20

The distribution of intelligence test scores among ________ Americans is represented by the normal curve.

Accepted Answer

The normal curve represents the distribution of scores among any group, regardless of race or ethnicity.

Quiz 31: A: Genetic and Environmental Influences on Intelligence