Question 1

Susan and her classmates just finished the sex education portion of their health course in junior high school. The information that Susan learned helped her to decide that she doesn't want to engage in casual sexual relations and feels that they are wrong. According to research, her attitude on sexual relationships will lead to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

B

Question 2

A person's attitude will be reflected in that person's

Accepted Answer

A person's attitude is made up of their beliefs, feelings, and intentions to act. Therefore, all of the choices are reflective of a person's attitude.

Question 3

A prevailing assumption that underlies most teaching, counselling, and child rearing has been that

Accepted Answer

The prevailing assumption is that private attitudes determine behaviour. This has been a central idea in various fields such as psychology, education, and counseling. The idea is that if we can change a person's attitudes or beliefs, then we can change their behaviour.

Question 4

Which of the following is a component of Peter's attitude toward classical music?

Accepted Answer

All three options are clear indications of Peter's attitude toward classical music. Believing that classical music raises one's IQ shows a positive attitude towards the genre, liking a local radio that plays only classical music showcases a preference for that type of music, and buying classical music recordings with extra money highlights a passion for the music itself.

Question 5

"Moral hypocrisy" means

Accepted Answer

Moral hypocrisy refers to someone who appears to have high moral standards or values but actually behaves in ways that contradict those standards or values. This means that the person is being hypocritical and not actually living up to the morals they claim to have.

Question 6

An attitude will be only weakly linked to behaviour when

Accepted Answer

All of these choices can weaken the link between attitude and behavior. If the attitude is not very potent, it may not be strong enough to influence behavior. If the behavior is subject to lots of other influences, such as social pressure or situational factors, the attitude may not have as much of an impact on behavior. Additionally, if the attitude and behavior are not measured at the same level of specificity, such as if the attitude is measured broadly while the behavior is measured specifically, this can also weaken the link between the two.

Question 7

In the ABCs of attitudes, "A" stands for

Accepted Answer

In the ABCs of attitudes, "A" stands for affect. Affect refers to the emotional component of an attitude, such as how we feel about a particular person, object, or situation. This can include positive or negative emotions, like liking or disliking something.

Question 8

In the ABCs of attitudes, "C" stands for

Accepted Answer

"Cognition" refers to the beliefs or thoughts we have about a particular object, person, or situation. It is a central component in forming and maintaining attitudes.

Question 9

In 1964, Leon Festinger concluded that the evidence to date

Accepted Answer

The answer of In 1964, Leon Festinger concluded that the...

Question 10

According to the text, tobacco company executives are able to live with themselves despite the link between smoking and ill health by publicly

Accepted Answer

The text states that tobacco company executives are able to live with themselves by publicly defending the smoker's right to choose, even though they are aware of the link between smoking and ill health.

Question 11

Appearing moral without being so, referred to as moral hypocrisy, is an example of the

Accepted Answer

Moral hypocrisy refers to a disjuncture between one's stated moral attitudes or beliefs and their actual behavior. This can occur when someone claims to hold certain moral beliefs or values but does not act in accordance with them.

Question 12

Research suggests that we often do not do what we know and believe to be the right thing to do. Daniel Batson calls this phenomenon

Accepted Answer

Daniel Batson calls this phenomenon moral hypocrisy, which refers to the mismatch between what individuals say is the right thing to do and what they actually do in practice. This can result from internal conflicts, external pressures, or the influence of situational factors that can undermine individuals' moral values and standards.

Question 13

In 1969 Wicker reviewed studies of the attitude-behaviour relation. Results suggested that

Accepted Answer

The question states that Wicker reviewed studies of the attitude-behaviour relation and found that attitudes toward cheating, the church, and race were not related to actual behaviour in each respective situation. Therefore, the best choice is D, which encompasses all of these findings.

Question 14

Research by Daniel Batson found that 1 in 20 students felt that assigning themselves a positive task and another participant a dull task was the most moral thing to do. When then given the opportunity to assign tasks,

Accepted Answer

The research found that only 1 in 20 students felt that assigning themselves a positive task and another participant a dull task was the most moral thing to do. Therefore, it is likely that a majority of students would assign themselves the positive task when given the opportunity. The answer choices suggest that either 80%, 50%, 20%, or 5% would assign themselves the positive task. Given the low percentage of students who initially felt it was moral to assign themselves a positive task, it is unlikely that only 5% would actually assign themselves the positive task when given the opportunity. Option A, 80%, is the most reasonable choice as it suggests a majority of students would act in their own self-interest.

Question 15

According to research,

Accepted Answer

All three options mentioned in the answer choices are supported by research studies, indicating that people's expressed attitudes may not always align with their actual behavior or actions. For example, studies have shown that students who express negative attitudes towards cheating may still be likely to cheat in actual situations. Similarly, individuals who hold positive attitudes towards attending church may not necessarily attend every Sunday.

Question 16

In 1969 social psychologist Allan Wicker completed a review of dozens of research studies with the conclusion that people's stated attitudes expressed _______ of the variation in their behaviours.

Accepted Answer

Allan Wicker's review of research studies concluded that people's stated attitudes expressed very little of the variation in their behaviors. This means that people may say they hold a certain belief or attitude, but they may not necessarily act in accordance with that belief or attitude. Other factors, such as social pressure or situational factors, may play a stronger role in determining behavior.

Question 17

Research on which of the following has revealed that people sometimes express attitudes that the do not privately hold?

Accepted Answer

Research on the bogus pipeline has shown that people sometimes express attitudes that they do not privately hold, as this method is designed to elicit a more truthful response from participants by creating a false belief that their physiological responses are being measured. The other options (the principle of aggregation, foot-in-the-door, and the totalitarian ego) do not specifically address the issue of people expressing attitudes they do not privately hold.

Question 18

Which of the following statements correctly explains the bogus pipeline strategy?

Accepted Answer

The bogus pipeline strategy involves deceiving participants into believing that their true attitudes are being measured directly, so they do not distort their expressed attitudes. This is done in order to obtain more accurate information about their true attitudes.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the relationship between expressed attitudes and behaviour?

Accepted Answer

Expressed attitudes and behaviour are imperfectly related because both can be influenced by various external factors, such as social norms, situational factors, and personal motivations. While attitudes may provide a general indication of behaviour, they do not always lead to consistent or predictable actions. Therefore, it is important to consider other factors when attempting to understand or predict behaviour.

Question 20

An attitude is defined as ___________ toward someone or something.

Accepted Answer

An attitude is a psychological construct consisting of evaluative reactions (either positive, negative, or neutral) toward someone or something. It is not necessarily a behavior, a single belief, or an inclination.

Quiz 4: Behaviour and Attitudes