Question 1

Coarticulation is the term used to refer to the influence of one on the acoustic properties of another,due to the articulatory movements required to produce them in sequence.

Accepted Answer

Coarticulation refers to the influence of one phoneme on the acoustic properties of another. It occurs due to the articulatory movements required to produce them in sequence, such as the way the lips or tongue move when producing certain vowel and consonant sounds. Coarticulation is not relevant to words or syllables as a whole, but rather to the specific sounds that make them up.

Question 2

When the vocal folds vibrate it would indicate a

Accepted Answer

When the vocal folds vibrate, it creates a voiced sound. Voiceless sounds are created when the vocal folds do not vibrate, and non-English is not a relevant option for this question.

Question 3

The unit of sound that if changed would change the meaning of a word is a .

Accepted Answer

The smallest unit of sound that can change the meaning of a word is a phoneme. Morphemes are the smallest units of meaning, and while they can change the meaning of a word, they are not strictly related to sound. Option C is incorrect as a phoneme is smaller than a syllable or word, so it cannot be considered the largest unit of sound.

Question 4

______________ is the term that refers to impairments of speech production or speech comprehension (or both).

Accepted Answer

Aphasia is the term that refers to impairments of speech production or speech comprehension (or both). Phonophobia is the fear of loud sounds, and Amusia is the inability to recognize or respond to music.

Question 5

______________ refers to whether the vocal folds vibrate or not.

Accepted Answer

Voicing refers to the vibration of the vocal folds during speech production, which results in the production of voiced sounds such as "b" and "z".

Question 6

The word cat consists of phoneme(s).

Accepted Answer

The word "cat" consists of three phonemes: /k/, /æ/, and /t/. Phonemes are the smallest units of sound in a language that can distinguish one word from another.

Question 7

According to the text,the phoneme transition probability for a word beginning with /kt/ would be

Accepted Answer

The phoneme transition probability for a word beginning with /kt/ would be 0% because in English, words do not start with the phoneme cluster /kt/, making such a transition impossible or highly unlikely in the language's phonotactic rules.

Question 8

The fundamental frequency for adult male vocalizations is in the range of

Accepted Answer

The fundamental frequency for adult male vocalizations typically ranges from 85 to 180 Hz.

Question 9

Different sounds are produced by modifying the shape of the .

Accepted Answer

Vowels are produced by modifying the shape of the oral cavity. The position of the tongue and lips can change the shape of the oral cavity, which creates different sounds.

Question 10

When the vocal folds do not vibrate it would indicate a consonant.

Accepted Answer

When the vocal folds do not vibrate, it is called voicelessness. Consonants can be either voiced or voiceless, but in this case, it specifically refers to voiceless consonants. Option A, voiced, refers to consonants where the vocal folds do vibrate. Option C, non-English, is not relevant to the question at hand.

Question 11

The part of the vocal apparatus that also known as the vocal cords is called the

Accepted Answer

The vocal apparatus consists of several parts including the larynx, pharynx, tongue, and lips, but the specific structure commonly referred to as the vocal cords are actually the vocal folds located within the larynx. When air is exhaled from the lungs, the vocal folds vibrate to produce sound, which is then shaped into speech by the other parts of the vocal apparatus.

Question 12

In the word rhyme the letters h and e

Accepted Answer

In the word "rhyme," the "h" and "e" do not correspond to any sound. The "h" is silent, and the "e" does not produce a separate vowel sound; it influences the pronunciation of the preceding "y" to make it sound like "i."

Question 13

The International Phonetic Alphabet

Accepted Answer

The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) has a unique symbol for each of the distinct sounds that have been identified in human languages, which may differ from the English alphabet. It is designed to accurately represent the sounds of any language, not just English. Option A is incorrect because the IPA includes characters that are not found in either the English or Chinese alphabets. Option B is incorrect because the IPA has more than 26 letters, and some of the symbols correspond to sounds that may be represented by multiple letters in English.

Question 14

The fundamental frequency for a child's vocalizations is in the range

Accepted Answer

The answer of The fundamental frequency for a child's vocalizations...

Question 15

The phoneme sequence /zn/ is quite rare in English.Therefore,according to phoneme transition probabilities,the word business /biznis/ should be perceived as word(s).

Accepted Answer

Phoneme transition probabilities suggest that the phoneme sequence /zn/ is rare in English. In the word business, this rare sequence occurs between the consonant /s/ and the vowel /i/. It is likely that a listener would perceive the word as two separate words: "biz" and "nis". Therefore, the best choice is B, two words.

Question 16

Research has shown that there is a sharp demarcation line for voice onset time between the perception of /ba/ and /pa/,which causes

Accepted Answer

The sharp demarcation line for voice onset time between the perception of /ba/ and /pa/ is a characteristic of categorical perception, which is the phenomenon where the brain categorizes sounds into specific groups and perceives them as distinct categories. This means that even small changes in sound can result in a perception that is fundamentally different from the original sound, as the brain categorizes it as belonging to a different sound category.

Question 17

The figure shows the formants for /di/ and /du/.The second formant for /i/ is higher than the second formant for /u/;in spite of that,however,the /d/ sounds the same for both.That phenomenon is referred to as

Accepted Answer

The phenomenon described is known as perceptual constancy, which refers to our ability to recognize the same sound across different acoustic environments. Even though the second formant for /i/ is higher than that of /u/, we still perceive the /d/ sound as the same in both cases. Coarticulation, on the other hand, refers to the phenomenon where the articulation of one sound affects the production of another sound, often occurring in connected speech. Articulation is the physical act of producing speech sounds.

Question 18

The is the part of the vocal apparatus that is the uppermost part of the throat.

Accepted Answer

The pharynx is the uppermost part of the throat and is important in the production of sound during speech. The larynx contains the vocal folds, which vibrate to produce sound, but it is located below the pharynx.

Question 19

The McGurk effect occurs with the perception of speech when the and stimuli conflict,and the perceiver tries to reach some compromise.

Accepted Answer

The McGurk effect occurs when there is a conflict between auditory and visual stimuli in the perception of speech. In other words, what a person hears and what they see do not match up, and the brain tries to reconcile these conflicting cues. The other options, phonemic vs. phonetic and olfactory vs. gustatory, do not relate to the McGurk effect.

Question 20

The part of the vocal apparatus that is also known as the voice box is called the

Accepted Answer

The larynx is the part of the vocal apparatus that contains the vocal cords and is responsible for producing sound. It is located in the throat and is commonly referred to as the voice box. The pharynx is a passageway that connects the nasal and oral cavities to the larynx and the esophagus, but it is not specifically involved in sound production.

Quiz 11: Perceiving Speech and Music