Question 1

______ is regularly condemned when used in any non-warfare environment,regardless of the characteristics of the victim.

Accepted Answer

Indiscriminate force refers to the use of force without regard for the specific characteristics of the victim. This is generally condemned in any non-warfare environment, as it can result in harm to innocent individuals who are not the intended target. Blind force may also be condemned for similar reasons, but discriminate force (the use of force against a specific individual or group based on their characteristics or actions) may sometimes be deemed necessary in certain situations, such as self-defense.

Question 2

Which of the following best describes a type of asymmetrical attack that has been gaining popularity among terrorists since 2014?

Accepted Answer

Motorized vehicle attacks using unarmored, nonexplosive vehicles (such as cars or trucks) have been gaining popularity among terrorists since 2014. This is known as a vehicle-ramming attack, and it involves driving a vehicle at high speeds into a crowd of people with the intent to cause harm or death. This type of attack has been used in several high-profile incidents, including the Nice attack in 2016 and the London Bridge attack in 2017.

Question 3

What are soft targets?

Accepted Answer

Soft targets are typically civilian areas or non-combatant military targets that are vulnerable to attacks. Option B correctly identifies these targets as civilians and passive military targets. The other options list primarily combat or fortified locations, which are not considered soft targets.

Question 4

Counterterrorist experts seek to prevent terrorist groups from finalizing their plans,deter extreme activists from becoming terrorists,minimize destruction and casualties,and ______.

Accepted Answer

Implementing treaties, laws, and task forces to create a counterterrorist environment is a proven method for preventing and combating terrorism. This approach allows for a coordinated and multifaceted response to the threat of terrorism, including intelligence gathering, law enforcement operations, and diplomatic efforts to address the root causes of violent extremism. The other options (A, B, and D) are either counterproductive or unrealistic.

Question 5

Which of the following is considered a cause for the globalization of political violence?

Accepted Answer

New information technologies have facilitated the spread and coordination of political violence across borders, making it easier for groups to communicate, recruit, and plan attacks globally.

Question 6

The ______ describes the emerging mode of conflict and crime in which the protagonists use network forms of organization and related doctrines,strategies,and technologies attuned to the information age.

Accepted Answer

The description specifically refers to the concept of "netwar theory," which is the idea that modern conflicts and crimes are carried out through network-based organizations and technologies. The other options, "Internet contagion theory," "protagonist method," and "combatant method," do not accurately capture the essence of this idea.

Question 7

Which of the following is an attribute of the Old Terrorism?

Accepted Answer

Old Terrorism is characterized by a "surgical" selection of targets, focusing on specific political or military objectives, unlike New Terrorism which often involves indiscriminate violence.

Question 8

Which of the following was the most serious domestic incident of religious terrorism on United States soil prior to September 11,2001?

Accepted Answer

The 1993 vehicular bomb detonated at the World Trade Center by Ramzi Yousef was the most serious domestic incident of religious terrorism on U.S. soil prior to September 11, 2001. The explosion killed 6 people and injured more than 1,000.

Question 9

The main goals of ISIS are first,to refuse to recognize the borders of Syria,Iraq,and other nations and second,______.

Accepted Answer

The main goal of ISIS is to establish a renewed Islamic state or caliphate, which would encompass the entire Muslim world. They seek to do this through the use of violence and terror, in order to create an extreme and oppressive form of Islamic government. They do not recognize the legitimacy of any other government or borders, and are driven by a desire to impose their beliefs and practices on others.

Question 10

Which of the following is an attribute of the New Terrorism?

Accepted Answer

Utilization of modern networking technologies is a key attribute of the New Terrorism. The use of the internet, social media, and other communication technologies has allowed for the rapid dissemination of information and recruitment of individuals around the world, making it easier for terrorist groups to operate and carry out attacks.

Question 11

Insurgencies like those led by Mao Zedong in China,Ho Chi Minh in Vietnam,and Fidel Castro in Cuba are examples of wars of ______.

Accepted Answer

Insurgencies led by Mao Zedong in China, Ho Chi Minh in Vietnam, and Fidel Castro in Cuba were all wars of national liberation. These insurgencies aimed to overthrow the existing government and establish a government that was independent, socialist, and more representative of the people. These movements were fueled by a desire to rid their countries of colonialism or foreign domination and establish a new system that reflected the national aspirations of the people.

Question 12

Beginning in the late 1960s,______ nationalists were the leading practitioners of international terrorism.

Accepted Answer

The late 1960s saw the rise of Palestinian nationalist groups like the PLO (Palestinian Liberation Organization) that engaged in international terrorism, including hijackings, bombings, and attacks on Israeli targets worldwide. Israeli nationalists were also involved in acts of terrorism during this period, but not to the same extent as Palestinian groups. Northern Irish nationalists were mainly focused on domestic terrorism in their conflict with the British government and loyalist groups, and white nationalists were not yet a significant force in international terrorism at the time.

Question 13

______ terrorism is political violence conducted by groups of "true believers" who have fervent faith in the sacred righteousness of their cause.

Accepted Answer

Religious terrorism is characterized by groups who believe that their religious beliefs and practices require them to engage in violent acts to achieve their goals. This type of terrorism is often associated with radical interpretations of Islam, but can also be linked to other religions such as Christianity and Hinduism.

Question 14

Peace processes,negotiations,and social reforms are all examples of ______.

Accepted Answer

Conciliatory options refer to actions or methods of resolving conflicts through compromise, peaceful negotiations, or social reforms. Peace processes and negotiations involve parties coming to the table to resolve their differences through dialogue and compromise. Social reforms refer to changes made to address social issues, often through legislation or policy changes, and can have a conciliatory effect by addressing the underlying causes of conflict. Dissident action, on the other hand, often involves non-conformist or rebellious acts against established authority, while diplomatic and international immunity refer to legal protections for diplomats and international organizations.

Question 15

Groups from ______ and ______ figured prominently in left-wing domestic and international terrorist incidents between the 1960s and the early 1980s.

Accepted Answer

Latin American and Western European groups were heavily involved in left-wing terrorism during this time period. Groups such as the Red Brigades in Italy, the Baader-Meinhof Group in Germany, and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) were among those that carried out attacks both domestically and internationally.

Question 16

______ are conventional or unconventional adversaries who engage in armed conflict as members of regular military or irregular guerrilla fighting units.

Accepted Answer

Combatants are individuals who engage in armed conflict, either as members of a regular military or an irregular guerrilla fighting unit, thus making them the best fit for this definition. Noncombatants are individuals who are not engaged in fighting, such as civilians, medical personnel, and prisoners of war. Extremists and old terrorists are not specific enough to accurately describe individuals who engage in armed conflict as members of regular military or irregular guerrilla fighting units.

Question 17

Proponents of New Terrorism justify their goal of maximizing casualties because they want to attract attention to their cause,damage the economies of their enemies,make enemy populations scrutinize their demands,and ______.

Accepted Answer

Proponents of New Terrorism often justify their actions, including the goal of maximizing casualties, based on religious mandates. This is because many such groups are motivated by extremist interpretations of religion that they believe compel them to carry out violent acts.

Question 18

Current methods of fighting New Terrorism include increased homeland security measures,counterterrorist financial operations,global surveillance,identification and disruption of transnational terrorist cells,and ______.

Accepted Answer

Covert shadow wars are likely to be effective in fighting New Terrorism as they involve undercover operations to disrupt terrorist cells and prevent attacks before they are carried out. This approach can be more effective than simply increasing security measures or surveillance as it directly targets and eliminates the source of the threat.

Question 19

Experts do not know how many people count themselves as Al-Qaeda operatives,but estimates range from ______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Experts do not know how many people...

Question 20

Which term describes the "copy-catting" phenomenon among terrorists where one terrorist group imitates another's tactics?

Accepted Answer

The term that describes the "copy-catting" phenomenon among terrorists where one terrorist group imitates another's tactics is known as the contagion effect. This phenomenon is often the result of the spread of ideology, tactics, and strategies from one group to another through media coverage and the internet. The contagion effect can lead to an increase in terrorist attacks and a wider reach of terrorism across different regions and countries.

Quiz 8: Sea Change: the New Terrorism and Homeland Security