Question 1

The ________ defends against disease by identifying and killing pathogens and tumor cells.

Accepted Answer

The immune system is responsible for identifying and eliminating or neutralizing harmful pathogens and tumor cells, thus protecting the body from diseases. The circulatory system is responsible for transporting oxygen, nutrients, and hormones throughout the body, the endocrine system is responsible for producing and secreting hormones into the bloodstream for regulation of bodily functions, and the nervous system is responsible for transmitting signals between different parts of the body for coordination and control.

Question 2

In the United States, coronary heart disease (CHD)accounts for ________ percent of all deaths.

Accepted Answer

Coronary heart disease accounts for approximately 35% of all deaths in the United States.

Question 3

A group of Latina adolescents was provided with information on risky sexual behaviors.The information was given in the context of cultural values inherent to the Latino/a community.This is an example of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The intervention provided to the Latina adolescents was culturally-modified to fit the values and beliefs of their community, which is an example of a culturally-modified psychological intervention. This approach takes into consideration the cultural background of the individuals and aims to ensure that interventions are culturally sensitive and relevant. This approach is important in improving treatment outcomes and reducing cultural disparities in mental health services.

Question 4

Which of the following has been observed to improve the health of cancer patients?

Accepted Answer

Reduced stress levels have been observed to improve the health of cancer patients, both physically and mentally. Stress can affect the immune system and increase inflammation, making it harder for the body to fight cancer. On the other hand, reduced stress can lead to better quality of life and improved emotional well-being. Avoidance of social support, reduced quality of life, and increased levels of pessimism have all been associated with poorer health outcomes for cancer patients.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about coronary heart disease (CHD)is true?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements about coronary...

Question 6

A myocardial infarction is commonly known as a:

Accepted Answer

A myocardial infarction, or MI, is commonly known as a heart attack. It occurs when blood flow to a part of the heart is blocked, causing damage to the heart muscle.

Question 7

What is the process in which the blood vessels that supply the heart muscles are narrowed or closed by the gradual buildup of a hard, fatty substance called plaque and inflammation of the vessel walls?

Accepted Answer

The process described is atherosclerosis, which is the gradual buildup of plaque and inflammation in the blood vessels that supply the heart muscles. Allostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain stability through change, hypertension is a condition in which blood pressure is consistently high, and myocardial infarction is a heart attack that occurs as a result of blocked blood flow to the heart.

Question 8

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

Meta-analyses can indeed find specific outcomes like effects on mortality due to cardiac events while not necessarily impacting other broader aspects of cardiovascular health. This statement is plausible as it aligns with how targeted interventions might influence specific health outcomes.

Question 9

Which of the following is a valid research finding?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that stress, including relational stress such as arguing within a marriage, can negatively affect the immune system. Therefore, married couples who argue more exhibiting poorer immunological functioning aligns with the understanding of how psychological stress impacts physical health.

Question 10

Which of the following observations is true of the immune system?

Accepted Answer

The specific immune system, also known as the adaptive immune system, produces a response that is tailored to the specific type of pathogen present. This is achieved through the recognition of specific antigens present on the pathogen. The innate immune system, on the other hand, provides a more general response to a range of pathogens through the use of non-specific mechanisms such as inflammation and phagocytosis. The innate immune system does not have the ability to remember a pathogen for future encounters.

Question 11

The blockage of vessels that supply blood to the heart can lead to pain, called ________ that radiates across the chest and arm.

Accepted Answer

Angina pectoris is a medical condition that results in chest pain or discomfort due to decreased blood flow to the heart. The pain can radiate across the chest and arm. Angina ludovici, angina bullosa, and herpangina are not related to heart disease or chest pain.

Question 12

Since 1990, more people have died from ________ than from any other cause.

Accepted Answer

Since 1990, coronary heart disease (CHD) has been the leading cause of death worldwide. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), CHD is responsible for over 9 million deaths each year, accounting for roughly 16% of all deaths. While cancer and AIDS have also contributed significantly to global mortality rates, they do not surpass the number of deaths caused by CHD. Tuberculosis, while still a major health concern, is not as prevalent as CHD and therefore does not account for as many deaths.

Question 13

Which is the most common disease in which the immune system plays a role?

Accepted Answer

The common cold is the most frequent illness where the immune system is actively involved in fighting off the viral infection.

Question 14

What are the two branches of the human immune system?

Accepted Answer

The two branches of the human immune system are the innate immune system and the specific immune system. The innate immune system provides non-specific defense mechanisms that act as a first line of defense against pathogens, while the specific immune system provides a targeted response to specific pathogens and involves the production of antibodies.

Question 15

________ is a condition in which blood flows through vessels with excessive force, putting pressure on vessel walls.

Accepted Answer

Hypertension is a condition in which the blood flows through vessels with excessive force, putting pressure on vessel walls. This can lead to complications such as heart disease, stroke, and kidney failure if left untreated.

Question 16

________ appear to suppress the virus in those infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)and to slow the development of AIDS.

Accepted Answer

Antiretroviral drugs are specifically designed to suppress the replication of HIV and slow down the progression of AIDS. Antidepressants, benzodiazepines, and antihistamines are not effective in treating HIV or AIDS.

Question 17

People in high-stress jobs are at increased risk for coronary heart disease (CHD), particularly if their jobs are:

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that individuals in high-stress jobs with little control over their work environment are at increased risk for coronary heart disease. This is likely due to the chronic stress and lack of autonomy in the job, which can have negative effects on physical health over time. The other options do not necessarily have a direct correlation with CHD risk.

Question 18

The ________ immune system reacts quickly and nonspecifically to any microorganism or toxin that enters the body.

Accepted Answer

The term "innate" describes the immune system's ability to respond quickly and in a nonspecific manner to any foreign substance that enters the body. This type of immunity is present at birth and helps protect the body from a wide range of pathogens, toxins, and other threats. Other types of immunity, such as "specific" or "adaptive" immunity, are tailored to specific pathogens and can take longer to develop.

Question 19

In a controlled trial that tested an intervention targeting stress reduction as well as medication adherence and other healthy behaviors, researchers found that women with breast cancer who received the intervention had a lower risk of ________ 11 years than a nonintervention control group.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a controlled trial that tested an...

Question 20

Which of the following occurs when the blood vessels that supply the heart muscles are narrowed or closed by the gradual buildup of a hard, fatty substance called plaque and inflammation of the vessel walls, blocking the flow of oxygen and nutrients to the heart?

Accepted Answer

The condition described is known as coronary heart disease (CHD), which occurs due to the buildup of plaque and inflammation in the blood vessels that supply the heart muscles, leading to narrowed or blocked arteries and reduced blood flow to the heart. This can cause chest pain (angina), shortness of breath, heart attack, and even death.

Quiz 15: Health Psychology