Question 1

Of the components that make up one's total energy expenditure, which is controlled by the person?

Accepted Answer

Exercise and nonexercise activity thermogenesis are components of total energy expenditure that an individual can control through their physical activity levels and daily movements, unlike basal metabolism and the thermic effect of food, which are not directly controlled by personal choices.

Question 2

How much weight would someone who is 200 pounds need to lose and maintain the weight loss to reduce the risk of chronic disease and premature death?

Accepted Answer

Losing and maintaining a weight loss of 10 to 20 pounds can significantly reduce the risk of chronic disease and premature death for someone who is 200 pounds. This amount is often enough to see improvements in health markers such as blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and blood sugar levels.

Question 3

Which emotion is NOT likely to contribute to emotional eating?

Accepted Answer

Emotional eating is often triggered by negative emotions such as sadness, stress, boredom, and loneliness. Peacefulness, on the other hand, is a positive emotion and is not likely to contribute to emotional eating.

Question 4

Women who have been successful in achieving weight loss typically adhere to diets of _____ kcals per day.

Accepted Answer

Women who have been successful in achieving weight loss typically adhere to diets of 1200 to 1500 kcals per day. This calorie range is low enough to create a calorie deficit for weight loss, but still provides enough calories to sustain energy and prevent nutrient deficiencies. Calorie intake can vary based on individual factors such as age, height, weight, and activity level, but generally, this range is recommended for safe and effective weight loss.

Question 5

Employers could increase nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) among their employees in all of the following ways EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Providing gym memberships may encourage exercise, but it does not directly promote NEAT. The other choices actively encourage movement and increased NEAT throughout the workday.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a suggested strategy for successful weight loss?

Accepted Answer

Avoiding social settings may lead to feelings of isolation and deprivation, which can negatively impact one's mental health and adherence to a healthy lifestyle. It is important to learn how to make healthier choices and manage portions while still enjoying social situations.

Question 7

Which is NOT a method for determining a person's body composition?

Accepted Answer

A scale can determine a person's weight, but it cannot differentiate between how much of that weight is fat, muscle, or bone. The other options listed are all methods for determining body composition.

Question 8

Positive energy balance is:

Accepted Answer

Positive energy balance refers to the state in which an individual's energy intake exceeds their energy expenditure. This means that they are consuming more calories than they are burning, which can lead to weight gain and potential health issues.

Question 9

The basal metabolic rate typically accounts for approximately _____ of a person's total energy expenditure.

Accepted Answer

The basal metabolic rate (BMR) refers to the energy required to maintain essential bodily functions at rest. This includes the energy needed for breathing, circulating blood, and regulating body temperature. BMR accounts for approximately 60% of a person's total energy expenditure. The remaining energy expenditure is typically attributed to physical activity (30%) and the thermic effect of food (10%).

Question 10

Waist circumference is considered an indicator of:

Accepted Answer

Waist circumference is widely used as an indicator of visceral fat, which is the fat that surrounds the organs in the abdominal cavity and is associated with greater health risks such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. It is not an accurate measure of lean tissue or muscle strength, nor is it related to cellulite. While subcutaneous fat can also contribute to waist circumference, visceral fat is considered the more concerning type of fat to have in this area.

Question 11

If a person is overweight (BMI of 25 to 29.9) and has two additional risk factors, weight loss is recommended. Which of the following are possible risk factors that elevate the need for weight loss?

Accepted Answer

All of these risk factors elevate the need for weight loss in an overweight individual. Current cardiovascular disease, family history of heart disease, diagnosed diabetes, and a sedentary lifestyle all increase the risk for further health complications and can be improved with weight loss.

Question 12

Obesity is related to all of the following health problems or diseases EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

While obesity is related to a variety of health problems and diseases including heart disease, Alzheimer's disease, hypertension, and diabetes, it is not directly related to influenza. However, it is important to note that obesity can weaken the immune system and make individuals more susceptible to infections such as influenza.

Question 13

Which of the following is a health consequence of being underweight?

Accepted Answer

Being underweight can disrupt hormonal regulation, leading to issues with fertility, thyroid function, and other hormonal imbalances. While being underweight may improve bone strength due to a lower load on the bones, this is outweighed by the negative health consequences. Being underweight can also weaken the immune system and increase the risk of infections, but this is not as significant as the disruption to hormonal regulation. There is no direct association between being underweight and increased risk of diabetes.

Question 14

Satiation affects eating because:

Accepted Answer

Satiation is the feeling of fullness and satisfaction that occurs during and after eating a meal. When satiation occurs, it signals to the brain to terminate the meal, leading to decreased hunger and reduced desire to eat. Therefore, option B is the correct choice as it reflects the effect of satiation on eating behavior.

Question 15

Weight loss is recommended for anyone with a BMI:

Accepted Answer

According to the BMI scale, a person with a BMI of 30 or higher is considered obese and should aim to lose weight in order to improve their overall health. Therefore, option E is the best choice.

Question 16

High blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, and coronary heart disease are disease risks that increase for people with a BMI greater than:

Accepted Answer

BMI greater than 30 indicates obesity, which is a major risk factor for high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, and coronary heart disease.

Question 17

All of the following describe abdominal obesity EXCEPT that it is:

Accepted Answer

Abdominal obesity is not measured at the top of the rib cage, but rather around the waist at the belly button level. The other options are all correct descriptions of abdominal obesity. However, it is important to note that abdominal obesity is not considered a healthy type of obesity, and can increase the risk for various health complications including cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.

Question 18

All of the following factors are believed to play a part in the increased rates of obesity in the United States EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Significant shifts in genetic risk are not believed to play a part in the increased rates of obesity in the United States, as genetic factors have remained relatively stable compared to the rapid rise in obesity rates.

Question 19

Studies indicate that those who have successfully maintained long-term weight loss:

Accepted Answer

All of these choices have been shown to be important factors in maintaining long-term weight loss according to studies. Eating breakfast helps with regulating appetite and preventing overeating later in the day. Exercising for at least one hour per day helps to burn calories and maintain weight loss, as well as improving overall health. Watching fewer than 10 hours of TV per week is associated with a more active lifestyle and less sedentary behavior, which can contribute to weight gain. Weighing oneself weekly helps with self-monitoring progress and making adjustments to diet and exercise as needed.

Question 20

Basic metabolic rate (BMR) decreases by about _____ per decade after young adulthood.

Accepted Answer

BMR decreases by about 2% to 4% per decade after young adulthood.

Quiz 11: Energy Balance and Obesitythe Sitting Disease: Understand the Causes and Consequences of Obesity