Question 1

"Yeah,he knocked over the lamp,but he didn't mean to,so it wasn't that bad." This statement represents what Piaget called

Accepted Answer

This statement reflects autonomous morality, where the individual understands that intentions matter more than the consequences of actions, indicating a more mature moral reasoning.

Question 2

Research aimed at testing Gilligan's ideas about moral judgment has found that

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that boys and girls are roughly equal in the importance they give to intimacy versus obligations, which supports Gilligan's ideas about moral judgment. However, there is no evidence to support choices B, C, or D.

Question 3

Critics have charged that Kohlberg's approach to moral development

Accepted Answer

Kohlberg's approach to moral development has been criticized for suffering from Eurocentric cultural bias, underestimating the moral judgment ability of females, and focusing on what people think is right rather than whether they act according to their beliefs. Therefore, all of the above options are correct.

Question 4

Oksana spent a lot of time discussing an upcoming election with friends and studying the websites of different candidates and political bloggers.Now she has decided to spend the summer working as a volunteer for the candidate she thinks is best,who is not her parents' choice.Oksana's actions fit Marcia's description of _____ identity status.

Accepted Answer

Oksana's actions reflect the achievement identity status, as she has explored various options and made an independent decision based on her own values and beliefs, which she will pursue actively.

Question 5

Research indicates that the most common of Kohlberg's stages among adolescents is the _____ orientation.

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that the most common of Kohlberg's stages among adolescents is the "Good boy/Good girl" orientation, which is focused on seeking approval from others and conforming to societal rules and expectations. This aligns with the typical behavior of many teens who prioritize peer acceptance and conforming to social norms.

Question 6

Which of the following statements is the best example of heteronomous morality?

Accepted Answer

Heteronomous morality is the belief that rules are set by authority figures and breaking them is inherently wrong. Choice B reflects this belief because it states that wrong is wrong, regardless of intentions or circumstances.

Question 7

"Of course what she did was wrong.She got sent to jail,didn't she?" This statement most closely fits what Kohlberg called

Accepted Answer

Kohlberg's preconventional morality is characterized by a focus on obedience and punishment, and a belief that what is right is what is in one's own best interests. The statement "Of course what she did was wrong. She got sent to jail, didn't she?" reflects this belief, as it suggests that the woman's actions were wrong because she was punished for them.

Question 8

Anatoly's parents are activists in a political party.When Anatoly turns 18 and registers to vote,he enrolls in the same party,though he is not sure if he agrees with that party's stand on issues.In Marcia's terms,Anatoly's identity status is

Accepted Answer

Anatoly's identity status is "identity foreclosure" because he has committed to an identity (in this case, a political party) without exploring other options or engaging in a period of decision-making. This is typical of individuals who adopt an identity based on the influence of others, such as parents, without personally exploring or questioning it.

Question 9

In Berzonsky's view,those in the _____ identity status are likely to seek out self-relevant information and look skeptically at their own views.

Accepted Answer

Berzonsky posits that individuals in both the moratorium and achievement identity statuses are inclined to actively seek out self-relevant information and critically evaluate their own beliefs and views. Those in the moratorium status are in the midst of exploring various identities, while those in the achievement status have completed their exploration and committed to certain identities, but both remain open to new information and reevaluation of their views.

Question 10

In Kohlberg's view,people move from one stage of moral development to the next because

Accepted Answer

According to Kohlberg, people progress through the stages of moral development because they encounter moral dilemmas and are exposed to more morally sophisticated perspectives during social interaction. This exposure challenges their existing moral reasoning and leads to cognitive conflict or moral ambiguity, which motivates individuals to reevaluate their moral beliefs and attitudes. This process of cognitive restructuring and moral growth is driven by the individual's ability to incorporate more abstract and universal principles into their moral reasoning, rather than just following rules or conforming to social norms. Thus, Kohlberg emphasizes the role of cognitive and social factors in promoting moral development, rather than guilt or peer pressure.

Question 11

When a cousin asks Gregoire what he wants to do with his life,he replies,"I'll think about that some other time.Rock on,dude!" According to Marcia,Gregoire is in the _____ identity status.

Accepted Answer

Gregoire's response indicates a lack of direction or commitment to any particular life path or goals, which is characteristic of the diffusion identity status. Foreclosure is characterized by a commitment to a particular path without exploring options, moratorium is characterized by active exploration but without making firm commitments, and achievement is characterized by both exploration and firm commitment to a chosen path.

Question 12

The term immanent justice refers to the belief that

Accepted Answer

Immanent justice refers to the belief that wrongdoing automatically leads to punishment, either in this life or the afterlife. This idea is often associated with religious or spiritual beliefs that emphasize the role of divine justice. It suggests that those who do wrong will eventually face the consequences, even if not immediately apparent.

Question 13

Carol Gilligan maintains that girls are more likely than boys to make moral judgments based on a _____ orientation.

Accepted Answer

Carol Gilligan proposed that girls are more likely to make moral judgments based on a care orientation. This means that girls are more concerned with maintaining interpersonal relationships and empathy towards others when making moral decisions, rather than following abstract principles of justice or social order.

Question 14

Teens are more likely to develop a solid ethnic identity when

Accepted Answer

Living in ethnically diverse neighborhoods provides exposure to different cultures, which can help teens better understand and appreciate their own culture. Exploring the history and customs of their ethnic culture helps teens develop a deeper understanding of their background and can provide a sense of pride in their heritage. Families taking part in ethnic celebrations and serving ethnic meals can also help reinforce a teen's connection to their culture and provide opportunities for discussion and learning. Therefore, all of the above options are important for developing a solid ethnic identity.

Question 15

Sanjay says that Heinz should definitely steal the drug to save his wife.This clearly indicates that Sanjay

Accepted Answer

Sanjay's statement does not provide enough information to accurately determine his level of moral judgment according to Kohlberg's theory, nor does it indicate his cultural background. Kohlberg's stages of moral development are based on the reasoning behind moral decisions, not just the decisions themselves, and cultural collectivism vs. individualism is not directly relevant to the decision to steal the drug.

Question 16

Lee hopes to go to a college known as a "party school",but has no idea what he might want to major in.He says he'll figure that out when he has to.James Marcia would say that Lee is in the ____ identity status.

Accepted Answer

Lee is in the "diffusion" identity status because he has not yet made a commitment to a specific identity or path (such as choosing a major) and is not actively exploring his options. This status is characterized by a lack of direction and an unstructured approach to identity formation.

Question 17

Anastasia has taken a summer internship in a public relations firm because she thinks she might enjoy that kind of work and wants to explore it further before choosing a major. In Marcia's terms,Anastasia is in the _____ identity status.

Accepted Answer

Anastasia is currently in the moratorium identity status because she is actively exploring her options before committing to a major or career path.

Question 18

Miguel is quiet and polite around his immigrant elders,but brash and funny with his Anglo friends at school.His behaviour is an example of

Accepted Answer

Miguel's behavior reflects code switching, which involves changing one's behavior, language or style to fit the situation or group they are interacting with. In this case, Miguel is adapting his behavior to fit in with his different social groups, demonstrating his ability to navigate different cultural environments.

Question 19

According to Michael Berzonsky's description of identity styles,teens with a low tolerance for ambiguity and a high need for structure are likely to use a _____ processing style.

Accepted Answer

According to Berzonsky, teens with a low tolerance for ambiguity and a high need for structure are likely to use a normative processing style, which means they rely on authority figures and traditional values to shape their identity. They may conform to societal expectations and norms rather than exploring different options and making decisions based on their own values and beliefs.

Question 20

Recent research indicates that the identity status typical of most high school students is

Accepted Answer

Recent research indicates that many high school students have not yet established a clear sense of identity and may be in a state of diffusion or foreclosure, meaning they have not yet fully explored and committed to their values, beliefs, and goals. This is consistent with Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, which suggests that adolescence is a time of identity exploration and that the resolution of the identity crisis is a key developmental task of this stage. While some students may have achieved a clear sense of identity, this is less common among high school students as a whole.

Quiz 9: Identity