Question 1

List the ways in which Lev Vygotsky's theory can be incorporated in classrooms.

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Question 2

Define what Piaget meant by an operation. What would be one task that preoperational children fail to do because they lack operations?

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Question 3

Briefly describe the two stages of preoperational thought. Provide an example of children's thinking at each stage.

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Question 4

Name the Italian physician-turned-educator who at the beginning of the twentieth century crafted a revolutionary approach to young children's education. In this approach, children are given considerable freedom and spontaneity in choosing activities.

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Question 5

Critics of universal preschool education say that

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Critics argue that resources should be focused on improving preschool education for disadvantaged children rather than providing universal preschool education for all children, as they believe targeting resources more effectively addresses educational inequalities.

Question 6

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018) has established categories for obesity, overweight, and at risk of being overweight. Describe how these categories are determined and classified.

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Question 7

Describe two reasons for developmental changes in memory span.

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Question 8

Identify the term that refers to awareness of one's own mental processes and the mental processes of others.

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Question 9

Identify the factors that can influence the accuracy of a young child's memory.

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Question 10

Identify the inability to distinguish between one's own perspective and the perspective of another.

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Question 11

Briefly state two criticisms leveled against Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development.

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Question 12

A(n) ________ is an approach that emphasizes the social contexts of learning and asserts that knowledge is mutually built and constructed.

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Question 13

Identify the substage of preoperational thought in which a young child gains the ability to mentally represent an object that is not present.

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Question 14

Discuss the 5-2-1-0 obesity prevention guidelines recently issued for young children.

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Question 15

Identify the term for the range of tasks that are too difficult for children to master alone but can be learned with guidance and assistance from adults or more-skilled children.

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Question 16

Aubrey is in a school that takes into account the typical development of children within an age span as well as the uniqueness of the child. It also emphasizes the importance of creating settings that encourage active learning and reflect the child's interests and capabilities. This view represents a ________.

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Question 17

Name the cognitive theorist who emphasized the social contexts of learning and the construction of knowledge through social interaction.

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Question 18

Identify the term that refers to the awareness that altering an object's or a substance's appearance does not change its basic properties.

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Question 19

Name the researcher who showed that when a child's attention to relevant aspects of the conservation task is improved, the child is more likely to conserve.

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Question 20

What is the zone of proximal development (ZPD)? What are its lower and upper limits? How can one use peer scaffolding to teach children mathematics within the zone?

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Quiz 5: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood