Question 1

In the Strange Situation, Quentin cries mildly when his caregiver departs. However, he is happy upon reunion, and then he continues to explore once the caregiver has returned. He would be classified as being

Accepted Answer

Quentin's behavior demonstrates a secure attachment to his caregiver. He is upset when she leaves, but is quickly comforted upon reunion and is able to resume exploring the environment. This indicates that he trusts his caregiver to provide a secure base from which he can confidently explore his surroundings.

Question 2

During phase 1 of John Bowlby's conceptualization of attachment, what is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

During phase 1 of John Bowlby's conceptualization of attachment, which is from birth to about 2-3 months, infants exhibit innate behaviors like smiling or crying that elicit caregiving responses from adults. At this stage, these behaviors are not directed towards specific individuals, meaning infants are likely to exhibit these behaviors in response to any caregiver, not showing a preference for the mother or any other specific caregiver.

Question 3

According to Bowlby's conceptualization of attachment, what is the time period of phase 2?

Accepted Answer

Phase 2 of Bowlby's conceptualization of attachment, known as the "attachment-in-the-making phase," occurs from 2 to 7 months of age. During this period, infants begin to develop a preference for familiar people, primarily their caregivers.

Question 4

When put on the floor to play, baby Elaine cries as if she wants to be held. When her mother picks her up though, Elaine pushes away with both arms and turns her head away. Mary Ainsworth would say that Elaine is

Accepted Answer

Elaine's behavior indicates an insecure resistant attachment style. This is characterized by the child showing ambivalence; they may seek closeness to their caregiver but also resist contact or interaction, as seen in Elaine's mixed signals of wanting to be picked up but then pushing away.

Question 5

According to Bowlby's conceptualization of attachment, which of the following is the time period for phase 3?

Accepted Answer

Phase 3, the clear-cut attachment phase, occurs from 7 to 24 months. During this phase, infants actively seek proximity to their primary attachment figure and use them as a secure base from which to explore the environment.

Question 6

According to Bowlby's conceptualization of attachment, which of the following occurs during phase 3?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Bowlby's conceptualization of attachment, which...

Question 7

Anthony is just starting to crawl and has taken to following his mother around the house. He also lifts his arms up to her when he wants to be picked up. According to Bowlby's conceptualization of attachment, which phase is Anthony currently in?

Accepted Answer

Anthony is in phase 3 of Bowlby's conceptualization of attachment, which is characterized by specific attachments. This phase typically starts around 7 months of age and is marked by infants showing clear attachment to specific caregivers, as evidenced by behaviors like following them around and showing preference for them by lifting arms to be picked up.

Question 8

Diego is in the Strange Situation with his caregiver; he explores the room and examines the toys that have been placed in it. He uses the caregiver as a secure base from which to explore the room. He would be classified as being

Accepted Answer

Diego explores the room and examines the toys but also uses the caregiver as a secure base for exploration. This indicates that he is securely attached.

Question 9

Amy is a 5-month-old baby girl. She tends to smile and become comfortable when her mother picks her up. However, when she sees an unknown face, she gets upset and cries for her mother. Which of the following phases of Bowlby's conceptualization of attachment is Amy currently in?

Accepted Answer

Amy is in phase 2 of Bowlby's conceptualization of attachment, which occurs from about 2 to 7 months of age. During this phase, infants start to respond differently to familiar caregivers compared to strangers, showing a preference for known individuals. Amy's behavior of smiling and becoming comfortable with her mother, but getting upset at the sight of unknown faces, aligns with this description.

Question 10

According to Bowlby's conceptualization of attachment, how long does phase 1 last?

Accepted Answer

According to Bowlby's conceptualization of attachment, phase 1 (preattachment) lasts from birth to 2 months. During this phase, infants do not yet have a specific attachment figure and do not display separation distress.

Question 11

According to John Bowlby, infants' internal working model of attachment includes a simple mental model of the caregiver, their relationship, and the self as

Accepted Answer

According to John Bowlby, infants' internal working model of attachment includes a simple mental model of the caregiver, their relationship, and the self as deserving of nurturant care. This means that infants come to expect and believe that they should receive caring and responsive attention from their primary caregiver, and that they themselves are worthy of this care. This helps to shape their future relationships and expectations of how they will be treated in relationships.

Question 12

According to Erikson, ________ are key to establishing a basic sense of trust in infants.

Accepted Answer

Erikson believed that physical comfort and sensitive care, including responding promptly to an infant's needs, are necessary for the development of a basic sense of trust in infants. Feeding and oral satisfaction are important, but not the primary focus in Erikson's theory. Contact comfort, while important, is not specifically mentioned as key to establishing trust in infants in Erikson's theory.

Question 13

Which of the following characterizes phase 1 of Bowlby's conceptualization of attachment?

Accepted Answer

In phase 1 of Bowlby's conceptualization of attachment, infants instinctively direct their attachment to human figures, which typically occurs from birth to about 3 months of age. This phase is characterized by the innate signals (like crying and smiling) that babies use to attract and maintain the attention of caregivers.

Question 14

The Strange Situation is an observational measure of infant attachment developed by Mary Ainsworth. It requires the infant to

Accepted Answer

The Strange Situation involves a series of introductions, separations, and reunions between the infant, caregiver, and a stranger. This allows for observation of the infant's attachment behaviors and their response to being temporarily separated from their primary caregiver. The other options do not accurately describe the Strange Situation protocol.

Question 15

In the Strange Situation, Latoya basically ignored her mother, was not upset when she left the room, and did not seek her out when she returned. Mary Ainsworth would most likely classify Latoya as being

Accepted Answer

Latoya's behavior of ignoring her mother, not showing distress when she left the room, and not seeking her out upon her return indicates that she is displaying an insecure attachment style. Specifically, her behavior is consistent with the insecure-avoidant attachment style, which is characterized by a child who avoids or ignores their caregiver and does not seek comfort or reassurance from them.

Question 16

In the Strange Situation, Jermaine used his mother as a "safe base" as he actively explored the playroom. Mary Ainsworth would most likely classify Jermaine as being

Accepted Answer

Jermaine's behavior indicates that he is using his mother as a secure base to explore, which is a hallmark behavior of children who are securely attached. Trusting attachment and agape-love attachment are not recognized attachment classifications within Ainsworth's theory. "Solidly attached" is not a term used in attachment theory.

Question 17

Parker is in the Strange Situation, where he shows little interaction with his caregiver. He isn't distressed upon separation and does not reestablish contact upon reunion. He would be classified as being

Accepted Answer

Parker's behavior of showing little interaction with his caregiver, not being distressed upon separation, and not reestablishing contact upon reunion indicates insecure attachment. Specifically, his lack of seeking comfort or connection with the caregiver suggests an avoidant attachment style.

Question 18

Austin is in the Strange Situation and shows strong patterns of avoidance and resistance. He also displays extreme fearfulness around the caregiver. He would be classified as being

Accepted Answer

Austin's behavior of avoidance and resistance, along with extreme fearfulness, suggests a disorganized attachment style. This style is characterized by inconsistent and contradictory behavior towards the caregiver, indicating a lack of organized strategy for coping with stress.

Question 19

Anna is at a phase of attachment where she takes the feelings of others into consideration before acting. According to John Bowlby, what age range would Anna fall under?

Accepted Answer

According to John Bowlby's attachment theory, the phase where a child starts to take into account the feelings of others before acting is indicative of the "Goal-Corrected Partnership" phase. This phase typically begins around the age of 24 months or older. At this stage, children become more aware of others' feelings and intentions and adjust their behavior accordingly.

Question 20

John Bowlby argued that infants develop a(n) ________ model of attachment.

Accepted Answer

Bowlby proposed that infants develop an internal working model of attachment, which is a cognitive representation that influences their expectations and behaviors in future relationships. This internal working model is based on their experiences with their primary caregiver(s) and shapes their beliefs about themselves, others, and relationships.

Quiz 4: Socioemotional Development in Infancy