Question 1

Jason developed a blockage of the pancreatic duct.Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

The pancreas secretes enzymes that are necessary for the digestion of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. A blockage of the pancreatic duct will prevent these enzymes from reaching the small intestine, which will result in the inability to digest these nutrients. The pH in the duodenum will also be lower than normal because the pancreas secretes bicarbonate, which helps to neutralize the acidic chyme from the stomach.

Question 2

Acini are found in

Accepted Answer

Acini are small clusters of cells found in the pancreas that produce digestive enzymes.

Question 3

Sinusoids are found associated with

Accepted Answer

Sinusoids are blood vessels found in the liver, which help with detoxification and nutrient exchange. They are not found in the other mentioned organs.

Question 4

All of these are functions of the liver EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

The liver produces and secretes bile, which helps emulsify fats, but it does not produce digestive enzymes. Instead, digestive enzymes are produced by the pancreas and small intestine.

Question 5

Reg Yular noticed that every morning after breakfast,he had a bowel movement,regardless of the amount he ate.Since he knows you are a student of physiology,he inquires why this happens and you explain

Accepted Answer

Both options A and B are needed to completely explain the phenomenon. Breakfast triggers mass movements in the colon, and movement of feces into the rectum initiates the defecation reflex.

Question 6

Which of these is NOT an enzyme produced by the pancreas?

Accepted Answer

Gastrin is not an enzyme produced by the pancreas, but a hormone secreted by the stomach that stimulates the release of gastric acid. The other options listed (trypsin, amylase, lipase, and nuclease) are all enzymes produced by the pancreas.

Question 7

Which of these processes requires a carrier molecule?

Accepted Answer

Absorption through membrane co-transport requires carrier molecules to move substances across the cell membrane. Digestion and absorption through simple diffusion do not require carrier molecules.

Question 8

Ellen has advanced liver disease.Her liver function is almost zero.Which of the following would be affected?

Accepted Answer

The liver is responsible for synthesizing and storing glycogen, so advanced liver disease would impair this function.

Question 9

Which of these is NOT a function of the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

The large intestine does not secrete digestive enzymes. Its main functions include absorbing water and electrolytes, storing and eliminating waste, and absorbing certain vitamins (such as vitamin K and B vitamins) produced by gut bacteria. It also secretes mucus to aid in the passage of feces.

Question 10

The formation of feces involves all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

The formation of feces does not involve the action of pepsin, as this digestive enzyme is active in the stomach and breaks down proteins into peptides. The other options - compaction of materials, reabsorption of water and salts, secretion of mucus, and extensive actions of microorganisms - are all involved in the formation of feces.

Question 11

Explain how the secretion of cholecystokinin in response to fats in the duodenum,together with the actions of cholecystokinin,constitute a negative feedback mechanism.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain how the secretion of cholecystokinin in...

Question 12

Given these portions of the large intestine: 1)ascending colon
2)descending colon
3)sigmoid colon
4)transverse colon
Which of these represents the correct order of portions of the large intestine as food would pass through them?

Accepted Answer

The correct order of portions of the large intestine as food would pass through them is the ascending colon (1), followed by the transverse colon (4), then the descending colon (2), and finally the sigmoid colon (3). Therefore, the correct choice is C which lists them in the correct order.

Question 13

Decreased levels of bile salts in the bile would interfere with the digestion of

Accepted Answer

Bile salts emulsify lipids, breaking them down into smaller droplets that can be more easily digested by pancreatic enzymes. Decreased levels of bile salts would interfere with this process and hinder lipid digestion. Protien digestion is assisted by stomach enzymes, while carbohydrate digestion is mostly done in the small intestine by various enzymes. Bile does not contribute to the digestion of cellulose.

Question 14

The mesentery connecting the greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon and body wall is the

Accepted Answer

The greater omentum is a large fold of peritoneum that drapes down from the greater curvature of the stomach, passes in front of the small intestine, and then folds back and attaches to the transverse colon and body wall.

Question 15

The cecum

Accepted Answer

The cecum is the proximal end of the large intestine, a blind sac, and has the appendix attached to it. It is also at the location where the small intestine joins the large intestine. Therefore, all of these characteristics are true of the cecum.

Question 16

Pancreatic secretion of bicarbonate ions is stimulated by

Accepted Answer

Pancreatic secretion of bicarbonate ions is stimulated by secretion of secretin. Secretin is released by the duodenum in response to acidic chyme entering from the stomach. Secretin stimulates the pancreas to secrete bicarbonate ions into the small intestine to neutralize the acidic chyme.

Question 17

Which of these statements concerning the release of cholecystokinin is correct?

Accepted Answer

Cholecystokinin stimulates the contraction of the gallbladder, which releases bile into the duodenum to aid in fat digestion. It also stimulates the secretion of pancreatic juice, which contains high concentrations of digestive enzymes, into the duodenum. Therefore, both options E is correct. Option A is incorrect because the main stimulus for cholecystokinin secretion is the presence of partially digested proteins and fats in the duodenum, not acidic chyme. Option C is incorrect because cholecystokinin does not stimulate mucous secretion from duodenal glands.

Question 18

Three bands of longitudinal smooth muscle in the wall of the large intestine are called the

Accepted Answer

The three bands of longitudinal smooth muscle in the wall of the large intestine are called the teniae coli.

Question 19

The major secretion of goblet cells in the large intestine is

Accepted Answer

Goblet cells in the large intestine secrete mucus, which helps lubricate and protect the intestinal lining, and facilitate the passage of fecal matter.

Question 20

Which of these structures is NOT part of the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

The ileum is the last part of the small intestine and is not part of the large intestine, which includes the cecum, colon, rectum, and anal canal.

Quiz 16: Digestive System