Question 1

Antibody-mediated immunity is effective against

Accepted Answer

Antibody-mediated immunity is effective against all of these options because antibodies can bind to and neutralize bacteria, viruses, toxins, and extracellular antigens.

Question 2

_________ is an example of delayed hypersensitivity.

Accepted Answer

Poison ivy is an example of delayed hypersensitivity, which is a T-cell mediated response that can take several days to develop after exposure to an antigen. Symptoms may include skin rash, itching, and inflammation. Hay fever, urticaria, hemolytic disease of the newborn, and asthma are not examples of delayed hypersensitivity.

Question 3

Which of the following is incorrectly paired?

Accepted Answer

Anaphylaxis is not an opportunistic infection of the lymph organs, but rather a severe, life-threatening allergic reaction.

Question 4

Bacteria,pollen,and transplanted tissue are examples of

Accepted Answer

Bacteria, pollen, and transplanted tissue are all examples of foreign antigens, which are substances that enter the body from outside and stimulate an immune response. Self antigens are molecules found on the surface of a person's own cells, and do not usually provoke an immune response. Pyrogens are substances that cause fever, foreign antibodies are antibodies produced against foreign antigens, and chemotactic chemicals are substances that attract immune cells to a site of infection or injury.

Question 5

After cutting yourself severely on a can a week ago,you noticed that the inflamed area has not gone back down or lost its redness.Which of the following could account for the continued swelling and inflammation?

Accepted Answer

A low eosinophil count could result in decreased ability to fight off parasites and could contribute to increased inflammation, but it is not directly related to the inflammation caused by the wound. A low basophil and mast cell count could result in decreased ability to control allergic reactions, but again, this is not directly related to the wound. However, the presence of bacteria in the wound can certainly contribute to continued inflammation, even if the wound appears to be healing on the surface. Additionally, a low eosinophil count could contribute to decreased ability to fight off bacterial infections. Therefore, both a low eosinophil count and the presence of bacteria in the wound could plausibly account for the continued swelling and inflammation.

Question 6

Concerning activation of lymphocytes,

Accepted Answer

All of these statements are true. Lymphocytes require activation by specific antigens in order to mount an immune response, and they have antigen-binding receptors on their surface that allow them to recognize and bind to these antigens. Once activated, helper T cells release interleukin 2, which stimulates lymphocytes to divide and proliferate. Additionally, lymphocytes in a clone all have identical antigen-binding receptors, which allows for a coordinated response to the specific antigen.

Question 7

Protease inhibitors are drugs that interfere with

Accepted Answer

Protease inhibitors are drugs that inhibit the breakdown of large viral proteins into smaller proteins, thus preventing the assembly of new infectious viral particles. This is an important step in the viral life cycle, and by inhibiting this process, protease inhibitors can effectively suppress viral replication.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a lymphatic organ?

Accepted Answer

The pancreas is not a lymphatic organ. It is primarily an endocrine gland that secretes hormones such as insulin and glucagon that regulate blood sugar levels, as well as digestive enzymes that help breakdown food in the small intestine.

Question 9

B cells

Accepted Answer

B cells are a type of lymphocyte, which are white blood cells that are important in the immune system. B cells are responsible for producing antibodies, which are proteins that identify and neutralize foreign substances in the body. They do not mature in the thymus (this is where T cells mature), are not responsible for cell-mediated immunity (that is the role of T cells), and are produced in both the bone marrow and fetal liver, not just the adult spleen.

Question 10

____________ is (are)found on the posterior surface of the tongue.

Accepted Answer

The lingual tonsil is found on the posterior surface of the tongue. The other choices are not found on the posterior surface of the tongue.

Question 11

Antibody molecules

Accepted Answer

Antibody molecules are also called gamma globulins or immunoglobulins. They have a constant region that binds to antigens but do not have a variable region that can activate, complement, or attach to macrophages. They are not large glycolipids.

Question 12

When enlarged,these tonsils are called adenoids.

Accepted Answer

The tonsils located in the pharynx are called pharyngeal tonsils or adenoids when enlarged. The palatine tonsils (B) are located in the back of the throat on either side, the lingual tonsil (C) is located at the back of the tongue, and the parotid glands (E) are a pair of major salivary glands located in front of the ear. The thoracic duct (A) is a large lymphatic vessel that drains lymph from the lower half of the body and the left upper half of the body.

Question 13

The lymphatic organ(s)that consist(s)of white and red pulp is (are)the

Accepted Answer

The spleen consists of both white pulp and red pulp. The white pulp contains immune cells and is involved in the production and maturation of lymphocytes, while the red pulp is involved in filtering blood and removing old or damaged red blood cells. The thymus is primarily composed of glandular tissue and is involved in the maturation of T lymphocytes. Lymph nodes contain lymphocytes and immune cells and are involved in filtering lymphatic fluid. Tonsils are collections of lymphoid tissue located in the throat and are involved in immune defense against inhaled and ingested pathogens.

Question 14

"The tonsils" are best known as

Accepted Answer

The answer of "The tonsils" are best known as
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Question 15

Antibodies

Accepted Answer

Antibodies are produced by Plasma B cells and have antigen binding sites which are located on and composed of the variable regions of the protein chains. They can enhance the phagocytic process and also bind antigens together. Therefore, all of these options are correct.

Question 16

A type of cell that is produced by the red bone marrow,is considered to be a part of innate immunity and has no memory response is a _________ cell.

Accepted Answer

Natural killer (NK) cells are produced by the red bone marrow, are considered a part of innate immunity, and do not have a memory response. Stem cells are not a type of immune cell. B and T cells are part of adaptive immunity and have memory responses. Mast cells are also part of innate immunity but are not produced by the bone marrow.

Question 17

Autoimmune diseases

Accepted Answer

Autoimmune diseases are produced by the same processes as adaptive immunity, occur when self antigens cause destruction of normal tissue, include rheumatoid arthritis, and operate through the same mechanisms as hypersensitivity reactions. Therefore, all of these properties are true for autoimmune diseases.

Question 18

Cytotoxic T cells

Accepted Answer

Cytotoxic T cells can divide to produce more cytotoxic T cells and memory T cells after activation. They release cytokines and cause virus infected cells to lyse, thus all of the given choices are true for cytotoxic T cells.

Question 19

A disorder of the lymphatic system that results from a parasitic infection of roundworms is

Accepted Answer

Elephantiasis is a disorder of the lymphatic system that results from a parasitic infection of roundworms. The infection causes severe swelling and thickening of the skin and underlying tissues, particularly in the legs and genitals. Lymphadenitis is inflammation of the lymph nodes, lymphangitis is inflammation of the lymphatic vessels, lymphoma is a cancer of the lymphatic system, and septicemia is a serious bloodstream infection.

Question 20

An allergy

Accepted Answer

All of the given statements are correct. An allergy is a harmful response to an antigen (substance that triggers an immune response) that does not stimulate an adaptive immune response in most people. It is caused by an allergen (antigen causing an allergic reaction) and produces a strong inflammatory effect due to the process of eliminating the antigen. Allergies are also known as hypersensitivity reactions.

Quiz 14: The Lymphatic System and Immunity