Question 1

Professor MacLaggan is teaching two classes.One of them is made up mostly of Caucasian students,where the other is made up mostly of African-American students.Without even realizing it,Professor MacLaggan takes more time to go over concepts,speaks slower,and emphasizes main points much more emphatically in the second class than he does in the first class.We might say that this differential treatment of these classes indicates

Accepted Answer

Professor MacLaggan's differential treatment of the two classes may stem from implicit stereotypes, which are unconscious attitudes or beliefs about a particular group. In this case, he may hold certain beliefs or assumptions about African-American students that cause him to treat them differently without even realizing it. Discrimination (B) involves purposefully treating one group differently than another, which may not be what is happening here. Explicit stereotypes (C) involve consciously held beliefs about a group, which may not be the case for Professor MacLaggan. Racism (D) involves a belief in the superiority of one race over another, which may not be the underlying issue here.

Question 2

As he sipped a $20 cocktail at the bar of a five-star restaurant,Jevon watched the television where a news story about a man who had been sentenced to 15 years in prison for committing a crime was being covered.He thought to himself,"That guy sure deserved what he got.Why can't he be like me? If you're a good person and you play by the rules,you get rewarded.When you are a bad person,you get what you deserve!" Jevon is demonstrating the __________ hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

Jevon is exhibiting the just-world hypothesis, which suggests that good things happen to good people, and bad things happen to bad people. Jevon believes that the man on the news deserved his sentence because he was a bad person who committed a crime, and that if you play by the rules, you will be rewarded.

Question 3

The process of __________ occurs when the social pressure that exists within a group of people overwhelms individual choice,and actually serves the purpose of actively muting the individual voices of the group members.

Accepted Answer

Groupthink occurs when a group of individuals is made to feel that they need to align their beliefs and actions with the rest of the group. This can lead to a suppression of individual ideas and opinions in order to conform to the perceived majority view of the group. The pressure to conform can be so strong that individuals may ignore their own values or beliefs and make decisions that they would not normally make. This is why groupthink is often associated with poor decision-making and can lead to serious consequences.

Question 4

A(n)__________ is a belief where _________ is an action.

Accepted Answer

Stereotype is a belief, while discrimination is the action taken based on that belief. Prejudice is a negative attitude or feeling towards a certain group and may or may not lead to action. Implicit and explicit stereotypes are types of stereotypes, but do not specify an associated action.

Question 5

The frustration-__________ hypothesis states that frustration occurs when people feel blocked in obtaining their goals.

Accepted Answer

The frustration-aggression hypothesis has been widely studied in psychology and suggests that frustration can lead to increased aggression. However, it is important to note that not everyone who experiences frustration will become aggressive. Therefore, choice B (resistance), C (compliance), and D (surrender) do not accurately reflect the concept of frustration.

Question 6

Social __________ is a phenomenon that occurs when people believe that their individual efforts don't matter or that they are not personally responsible because they are only one member of a larger group,so they tend to put less effort into a task.

Accepted Answer

The phenomenon described in the statement is the social loafing which occurs when individuals in a group reduce their effort or contribution to a task, as they feel their individual effort is not significant when compared to the effort of the whole group. Deindividuation refers to a phenomenon that occurs when individuals lose their self-awareness and accountability in group settings. Conformity refers to the tendency of individuals to adjust their attitudes or behaviors to match those of a group. Likelihood is not related to this phenomenon.

Question 7

Laticia,David,Portia,and Joshua are all assigned to work together on a group project.While three of the group members all work hard to create an excellent piece of work,David seems to lag behind.He doesn't really do much,and only participates to the bare minimum of his ability.This is an example of __________.

Accepted Answer

Social loafing occurs when individuals in a group reduce their effort because they feel less accountable for the outcome of the group's work. In this scenario, David is not contributing as much effort as the other group members, which is an indication of social loafing.

Question 8

The __________ effect is a phenomenon that occurs when a person forgets the unreliable source of a piece of information but remembers the information itself.This leaves that individual with the impression that the information is,in fact,trustworthy and reliable even though it may not be.

Accepted Answer

The phenomenon described in the question is known as the sleeper effect. It occurs when a person forgets the unreliable source of information but remembers the information itself, leading them to believe that the information is trustworthy and reliable even though it may not be.

Question 9

The fact that many American citizens don't vote in the presidential election is often explained by the fact that individuals do not believe that their vote matters.They think that being just one vote in a nation of millions makes them unimportant.In a general way,this is an example of social __________.

Accepted Answer

Social loafing is the phenomenon where individuals in a group or collective setting put in less effort because they believe their contribution won't be noticeable or impactful on a large scale, which aligns with the sentiment described regarding voting.

Question 10

Being part of a group can make us feel less restrained,which causes us to relinquish personal responsibility and give ourselves over to the group experience.This is the phenomenon of __________.

Accepted Answer

Deindividuation refers to the loss of self-awareness and personal accountability that can occur when individuals are part of a group. This can lead to behaviors that individuals would not engage in on their own and a decreased sense of personal responsibility. Groupthink refers specifically to a situation in which a group prioritize consensus over critical thinking and may lead to poor decision making. Undifferentiation is not a commonly used term in psychology, and conformity refers to individuals changing their behavior or attitudes to align with the norms of a group.

Question 11

Edward is a member of an inner city gang,and he notices that when he and the other gang members get together they often talk 'big and bad' about what they want to do to the members of the rival gang.The more they talk,the more extreme their plans get,until one guy stands up and hollers "Let's just go shoot them all." This phenomenon that occurs when people of a group share opinions,leading to more extreme positions and more radical behavior,is known as __________

Accepted Answer

Group polarization is a phenomenon in which group discussions lead to the strengthening of the initial attitudes of the group members. The attitudes become more extreme and radical, leading to a polarized group opinion. In this scenario, the gang members started with the idea of wanting to harm the rival gang members, and as they discussed, their plans got more violent, leading to the extreme suggestion of shooting them all. Therefore, the correct choice is A) group polarization.

Question 12

__________ refers to negative behavior toward a group of people and its members.

Accepted Answer

Discrimination refers to negative behavior directed toward a particular group, whereas aggression refers to behavior that is intended to cause harm or injury. Stereotyping involves making assumptions about people based on their membership in a particular group, while prejudice refers to preconceived opinions or attitudes about a group that are not based on facts or experience.

Question 13

One form of a self-fulfilling prophecy is called a stereotype __________,where people who are aware of a negative stereotype directed against them might perform down to the level of expectation that they believe exists about them.

Accepted Answer

Stereotype threat refers to the risk of confirming negative stereotypes about an individual's racial, ethnic, gender, or cultural group. This can lead to anxiety and reduced performance, which in turn can actually cause the individual to perform in a manner that confirms the stereotype.

Question 14

Evelyn is in a particularly bad mood because the promotion that she'd hoped to receive at the bank where she works did not come through.When she gets home,and her children come running up to her with several demands,she yells at them to go in the other room and leave her alone.Evelyn's outburst is explained by the __________ hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Evelyn is in a particularly bad mood...

Question 15

In New York City,a basketball league was devised to create friendship between groups of young black boys and young Jewish boys.Because these kids all had to work together to create friendly competition and a fun environment,the prejudices that existed between the two groups slowly started to fade away.This is an example of the __________ effect.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In New York City,a basketball league was...

Question 16

Research into the mere exposure phenomenon finds that simple exposure between two groups of people is not enough to reduce prejudice,but rather

Accepted Answer

Research has found that the mere exposure phenomenon alone is not enough to reduce prejudice. However, when groups work together in a cooperative manner towards a shared goal, it can help to reduce prejudice between the groups. This is because working together towards a common goal can foster positive intergroup relations and increase feelings of similarity and liking towards each other.

Question 17

Which of the following factors mentioned in your chapter has been found to contribute to an increase in aggressive behaviors?

Accepted Answer

Hot weather has been found to contribute to an increase in aggressive behaviors. This is due to discomfort and irritation caused by high temperatures, which can increase hostility and aggression levels.

Question 18

The __________-world phenomenon occurs when people convince themselves that they are doing well because they are good people,while those who are suffering are just getting what they deserve.

Accepted Answer

The "just-world phenomenon" is the correct term, which describes the cognitive bias that a person's actions are inherently inclined to bring morally fair and fitting consequences to that person, essentially the idea that everyone gets what they deserve.

Question 19

Which of the following brain structures has not been found to be involved in the initiation of aggressive behaviors?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following brain structures has...

Question 20

__________ refers to behavior intended to harm others.

Accepted Answer

Aggression refers to behavior that is intended to harm others, either physically or psychologically. It can take many different forms, from verbal insults to physical violence. Discrimination refers to unfair treatment of individuals or groups based on their race, gender, religion or other characteristic. Violence is a more extreme form of aggression that involves using physical force to harm others. Assertiveness, on the other hand, refers to standing up for oneself or expressing one's needs and opinions in a clear and confident manner, without trying to harm others.

Quiz 14: Social Psychology

The process of __________ occurs when the social pressure that exists within a group of people overwhelms individual choice,and actually serves the purpose of actively muting the individual voices of the group members.

A(n) __ is a belief where _ is an action.

The frustration-__________ hypothesis states that frustration occurs when people feel blocked in obtaining their goals.

Social __________ is a phenomenon that occurs when people believe that their individual efforts don't matter or that they are not personally responsible because they are only one member of a larger group,so they tend to put less effort into a task.

The __________ effect is a phenomenon that occurs when a person forgets the unreliable source of a piece of information but remembers the information itself.This leaves that individual with the impression that the information is,in fact,trustworthy and reliable even though it may not be.

Being part of a group can make us feel less restrained,which causes us to relinquish personal responsibility and give ourselves over to the group experience.This is the phenomenon of __________.

__________ refers to negative behavior toward a group of people and its members.

One form of a self-fulfilling prophecy is called a stereotype __________,where people who are aware of a negative stereotype directed against them might perform down to the level of expectation that they believe exists about them.

Research into the mere exposure phenomenon finds that simple exposure between two groups of people is not enough to reduce prejudice,but rather

Which of the following factors mentioned in your chapter has been found to contribute to an increase in aggressive behaviors?

The __________-world phenomenon occurs when people convince themselves that they are doing well because they are good people,while those who are suffering are just getting what they deserve.

Which of the following brain structures has not been found to be involved in the initiation of aggressive behaviors?

__________ refers to behavior intended to harm others.

Quiz 14: Social Psychology

The process of __________ occurs when the social pressure that exists within a group of people overwhelms individual choice,and actually serves the purpose of actively muting the individual voices of the group members.

A(n) __________ is a belief where _________ is an action.

The frustration-__________ hypothesis states that frustration occurs when people feel blocked in obtaining their goals.

Social __________ is a phenomenon that occurs when people believe that their individual efforts don't matter or that they are not personally responsible because they are only one member of a larger group,so they tend to put less effort into a task.

The __________ effect is a phenomenon that occurs when a person forgets the unreliable source of a piece of information but remembers the information itself.This leaves that individual with the impression that the information is,in fact,trustworthy and reliable even though it may not be.

Being part of a group can make us feel less restrained,which causes us to relinquish personal responsibility and give ourselves over to the group experience.This is the phenomenon of __________.

__________ refers to negative behavior toward a group of people and its members.

One form of a self-fulfilling prophecy is called a stereotype __________,where people who are aware of a negative stereotype directed against them might perform down to the level of expectation that they believe exists about them.

Research into the mere exposure phenomenon finds that simple exposure between two groups of people is not enough to reduce prejudice,but rather

Which of the following factors mentioned in your chapter has been found to contribute to an increase in aggressive behaviors?

The __________-world phenomenon occurs when people convince themselves that they are doing well because they are good people,while those who are suffering are just getting what they deserve.

Which of the following brain structures has not been found to be involved in the initiation of aggressive behaviors?

__________ refers to behavior intended to harm others.

A(n) __ is a belief where _ is an action.