Question 1

Stefano is suffering from severe depressive symptoms,and has been for over a year.His physician has tried several different psychoactive medications,but either they were not effective or the side-effects were intolerable.His psychologist has attempted several different types of therapy,but his symptoms continue with no real improvement.Stefano has decided to undergo electroconvulsive therapy.Which of the following side effects of ECT should Stefano be most concerned will occur?

Accepted Answer

Memory loss is the most common side effect of Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). While ECT is generally considered safe, memory loss can occur, including temporary confusion and difficulty learning and remembering new information. This side effect can be particularly concerning for some patients and should be carefully considered before deciding to undergo the treatment. The other side effects listed are less common and typically do not occur with ECT.

Question 2

__________ is a treatment method in which parts of the brain are physically/medically altered to treat mental disorders.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ is a treatment method in which...

Question 3

The __________ therapies are based on the work and theories of Sigmund Freud.

Accepted Answer

Psychodynamic therapies are based on the work and theories of Sigmund Freud, which focus on unconscious thoughts, emotions, and past experiences affecting current behaviors and feelings. Cognitive therapies, on the other hand, focus on changing thought patterns and behaviors, while humanistic therapies emphasize personal growth and self-fulfillment. "Interventive" is not a recognized category of therapy.

Question 4

Which of the following anxiety disorders is most likely to be treated with a benzodiazepine?

Accepted Answer

Panic disorder is most likely to be treated with a benzodiazepine due to their fast onset of action and ability to quickly alleviate symptoms of panic. Benzodiazepines are typically not recommended for phobic disorder or obsessive-compulsive disorder and are not used as first-line treatment for major depressive disorder.

Question 5

__________ is a type of counseling that relates closely to Freudian concepts like the influence of the unconscious.It requires patients to talk to a psychiatrist about their lives while the psychiatrist listens,analyzes,and interprets each word.

Accepted Answer

The description given matches the concept of psychoanalysis, which is closely related to Freudian concepts and involves the patient talking about their lives while the therapist listens and interprets. Option A, psychodynamic psychotherapy, is also based on Freudian concepts but may involve more interaction between the patient and therapist. Option B, manifest therapy, is not a recognized form of therapy. Option D, interpersonal therapy, focuses on improving relationships and communication patterns, and may not involve as much emphasis on interpreting the patient's every word.

Question 6

Modern electroconvulsive therapy is used to treat __________.

Accepted Answer

Modern electroconvulsive therapy is primarily used to treat severe depression that hasn't responded to other treatments. It is not typically used to treat schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or anorexia nervosa.

Question 7

__________ psychotherapy is a type of psychotherapy that involves the use of multifaceted treatments that vary depending on each person's unique problem and takes into account biological,psychological,and social influences.

Accepted Answer

Eclectic psychotherapy involves combining techniques and strategies from various psychotherapy schools and adapting them to fit the specific needs of the individual client. This approach takes into account the biological, psychological, and social factors that contribute to a person's mental health issues and aims to provide a comprehensive approach to treatment.

Question 8

Studies exploring the efficacy of ECT have found that up to ___% of patients experience significant improvements in their symptoms of depression after six to 12 ECT sessions over two to four weeks.

Accepted Answer

Multiple studies have found that approximately 80% of patients with depression experience significant improvements in their symptoms after six to 12 ECT sessions over two to four weeks. This high success rate makes ECT a valuable treatment option for those who have not responded to other forms of treatment for depression.

Question 9

DBS (Deep Brain Stimulation)is a new psychosurgical technique that helps reduce the symptoms of ___________ by stimulating neuronal activity instead of destroying small areas of cells in the brain.

Accepted Answer

DBS is commonly used to treat symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder by stimulating specific areas of the brain that are involved in the regulation of mood and anxiety.

Question 10

The prefrontal __________ was a technique that disconnected the frontal lobe from the rest of the brain,resulting in a near vegetative state.It is primarily responsible for the negative impression that most people have of psychosurgery.

Accepted Answer

The technique described in the question is actually the lobotomy, which disconnects the frontal lobe from other areas of the brain. Singulectomy and hemispherectomy are not commonly used techniques, and craniectomy is the surgical removal of a portion of the skull, not a brain procedure.

Question 11

How does lithium work to curb the mood swings associated with bipolar disorder?

Accepted Answer

Despite being used for decades to treat bipolar disorder, scientists still do not fully understand how lithium works to curb mood swings.

Question 12

What do lithium and ECT have in common?

Accepted Answer

Both lithium and ECT (electroconvulsive therapy) have mechanisms of action that are not fully understood, despite their effectiveness in treating certain mental health conditions.

Question 13

Maxwell suffers from a serious case of obsessive-compulsive disorder,and medication and psychotherapy have been ineffective.He and his wife have decided that he should have psychosurgery.A physician will implant electrodes in two specific parts of his brain - the cingulum and the __________ - and slowly ablate (or destroy)these areas,in an attempt to reduce the symptoms of Maxwell's OCD.

Accepted Answer

The cingulum is a part of the brain that is believed to be involved in emotional processing, while the basal ganglia play a role in motor control and cognition. Both areas have been targeted in psychosurgery interventions for OCD, with some studies showing positive results in reducing symptoms. The hypothalamic chiasm is not directly related to OCD, and the striate putamen and medullar corpuscle are not typically targeted in psychosurgery for OCD.

Question 14

The term __________ refers to a treatment approach that involves multiple dimensions of intervention,including various forms and techniques of psychotherapy,psychoactive medication,and other biological techniques (e.g.,psychosurgery,ECT,biofeedback).

Accepted Answer

The term that fits the description of involving multiple dimensions of intervention and various forms and techniques is eclectic. Eclectic therapy combines different therapeutic approaches to tailor treatment to the specific needs of the individual. This can include a combination of psychotherapy, medication, and other biological techniques as needed. The other options (theoretical, multifaceted, Gestalt) do not specifically refer to this type of approach.

Question 15

Which of the following techniques is used to reduce the memory loss that sometimes occurs as a result of ECT?

Accepted Answer

Unilateral administration of ECT, where the electrical current is applied to only one hemisphere of the brain (usually the non-dominant one), is used to reduce memory loss associated with ECT. This technique aims to limit the cognitive side effects while maintaining the therapeutic benefits of the treatment.

Question 16

Why would a physician performing electroconvulsive therapy choose to go with unilateral administration over bilateral administration?

Accepted Answer

Unilateral electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is often chosen over bilateral ECT because it tends to cause less memory loss, which is a significant side effect of ECT. This approach targets only one hemisphere of the brain, typically resulting in fewer cognitive side effects compared to bilateral ECT, where both hemispheres are targeted.

Question 17

Dr.Alexiev is a psychiatrist who has training in both the prescribing of psychoactive medications as well as the providing of psychotherapy.Although his primary therapeutic "style" is a cognitive approach,he often uses techniques from the humanistic,behavioral,and psychodynamic theories of psychotherapy.Dr.Alexiev's therapeutic style could best be described as __________.

Accepted Answer

Dr. Alexiev's therapeutic style involves using techniques from different theories, which is indicative of an eclectic approach.

Question 18

Which of the following simple salt elements is used as a mood stabilizing drug,often prescribed to people suffering from bipolar disorder?

Accepted Answer

Lithium is the simple salt element used as a mood stabilizing drug and is commonly prescribed to people suffering from bipolar disorder. Magnesium, Beryllium, and Iron are not typically used as mood stabilizing drugs.

Question 19

Psycho__________ refers to an interaction between a trained professional counselor and someone suffering from a psychological problem,the goal of which is to provide support or relief from the problem.

Accepted Answer

Therapy is a specific type of interaction between a professional counselor or therapist and a client or patient dealing with a psychological problem. The goal of therapy is to help the person gain insight, support, and coping skills to manage their problem and improve their mental health. Option B, education, may be a part of therapy but is not the primary focus. Surgery (C) is not related to psychotherapy. Option D, interaction, is a broad term and doesn't specifically refer to the process of therapy.

Question 20

Studies exploring the efficacy of ECT have found that up to 80% of patients experience significant improvements in their symptoms of depression after _______ ECT sessions over two to four weeks.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that 6-12 ECT (Electroconvulsive Therapy) sessions over a period of two to four weeks can lead to significant improvements in symptoms of depression for up to 80% of patients.

Quiz 18: Psychological Therapies