Question 1

_____ enhances the effects of insulin on cell membranes.

Accepted Answer

Chromium has been shown to enhance the effects of insulin on cell membranes and improve glucose metabolism, making it a common ingredient in supplements marketed for blood sugar control.

Question 2

Iodine is necessary for ________.

Accepted Answer

Iodine is a crucial component of thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), which are responsible for regulating metabolism and normal growth and development.

Question 3

Angela is a 20-year-old college student.In addition to having a history of losing several primary teeth to dental decay,she seems to break bones easily.Based on this information,Angela may need to increase her intake of ________.

Accepted Answer

Based on the information given, Angela has a history of losing primary teeth to dental decay, which indicates a possible deficiency in fluoride. Fluoride is important for dental health as it helps to strengthen tooth enamel and prevent decay. Additionally, Angela seems to break bones easily, which could be due to a deficiency in calcium or vitamin D. However, neither of these nutrients is listed as choices, so the best option based on the given choices is A, fluoride.

Question 4

Gayle had thyroid cancer.After surgeons removed her thyroid gland,she underwent radiation treatment to kill any remaining cancer cells.During the treatment period,she had to limit her daily intake of iodine to a small fraction of the recommended amount.Which of the following foods should Gayle avoid?

Accepted Answer

Gayle should avoid sushi wrapped in seaweed as seaweed is a significant source of iodine, which can interfere with her radiation treatment.

Question 5

Marta is a pregnant woman suffering from severe iodine deficiency.As a result of the deficiency,she has a high risk of giving birth to a child with ________.

Accepted Answer

Iodine deficiency during pregnancy can lead to cretinism, a condition that causes severe physical and mental growth retardation in the baby. Type 2 diabetes is not directly related to iodine deficiency, while ariboflavinosis and phenylketonuria are caused by deficiencies of riboflavin and phenylalanine hydroxylase, respectively, and not iodine.

Question 6

Cameron takes megadoses of a single mineral supplement.Lately,he's noticed that his fingernails break easily,his hair is falling out,and he's more tired than usual.His friends have told him that he smells like garlic.Based on this information,Cameron has consumed too much ________.

Accepted Answer

Cameron's symptoms of brittle nails, hair loss, and fatigue are consistent with selenium toxicity. The smell of garlic is also associated with excess selenium intake. Consuming too much iron can also cause some similar symptoms, but the garlic odor specifically points to selenium as the cause. Calcium and magnesium toxicity are rare and typically require very large doses to produce noticeable symptoms.

Question 7

A young man in a rural Iranian village eats very little meat and dairy products,but his diet contains a lot of unleavened whole-grain flat bread.He is very short for his age; his sexual organs are not fully developed; his intelligence is lower than normal; and he suffers from iron deficiency anemi A.Based on this information,the man probably has ____ deficiency.

Accepted Answer

Zinc deficiency can lead to growth retardation, delayed sexual maturation, impaired intelligence, and iron deficiency anemia, which align with the symptoms described.

Question 8

Which of the following minerals may have a physiological role,but more research is necessary to determine whether it is essential?

Accepted Answer

While magnesium, selenium, and zinc have established physiological roles and are considered essential minerals, more research is needed to determine whether lithium is truly essential for human health. While some studies suggest potential benefits of lithium supplementation for mental health and neurological disorders, the evidence is not yet strong enough to definitively label it as an essential mineral.

Question 9

Erika is a college student who has never experienced dental decay.Recently,she slipped and fell down a flight of stairs.Although she had bumps and bruises after the fall,she did not break any bones.Which of the following practices is the most likely reason for Erika's strong bones and decay-resistant teeth?

Accepted Answer

Drinking fluoridated water is known to strengthen teeth and help prevent dental decay. It does not have a direct impact on bone strength, but it is possible that Erika's healthy lifestyle and diet have contributed to her strong bones as well. However, there is no evidence to suggest that taking vitamin K supplements, chewing iron pills, or eating a particular diet would have a significant impact on dental or bone health.

Question 10

Scientists are uncertain whether ____ is an essential mineral for humans.

Accepted Answer

Scientists are uncertain whether silicon is an essential mineral for humans. While some studies suggest it may have potential health benefits, such as improving bone density and cognitive function, there is not enough conclusive evidence to classify it as essential. Iodine, magnesium, and zinc, on the other hand, are all widely recognized as essential minerals for human health.

Question 11

Lawrence wants to increase his zinc intake without relying on dietary supplements.Which of the following foods should he avoid eating,because they can interfere with intestinal absorption of zinc?

Accepted Answer

Unleavened whole wheat breads contain phytates, which can bind to zinc and inhibit its absorption in the intestine, making it harder for the body to utilize the zinc present in the diet.

Question 12

The introduction of iodized salt in the 1920s dramatically reduced rates of _____ in the United States.

Accepted Answer

The introduction of iodized salt in the 1920s helped to decrease rates of goiter, which is a swelling of the thyroid gland due to insufficient iodine in the diet. The addition of iodine to salt made it easier for people to obtain this important nutrient, leading to a decrease in goiter rates.

Question 13

Although Tim's body is not zinc deficient,he takes large doses of zinc because his best friend told him it will enhance his athletic performance.He is likely to experience _____ as a result of this practice.

Accepted Answer

Taking excessive amounts of zinc can reduce HDL (good cholesterol) levels, which can increase the risk of heart disease. It is important to follow the recommended daily intake of zinc to avoid negative health effects.

Question 14

In the United States,the plastic used to make water bottles may contain ________.

Accepted Answer

Bisphenol A is a chemical that is commonly used in the production of polycarbonate plastic, which is used to make water bottles. Bisphenol A has been shown to have potential health risks, including effects on hormonal systems and possibly contributing to increased risk of some diseases.

Question 15

Alex is concerned about the safety of the bottled water he prefers to drink.Which of the following agencies should he contact to learn more about the safety of his bottled water?

Accepted Answer

The FDA (Food and Drug Administration) is responsible for regulating the safety of bottled water in the United States. They set standards for the quality and purity of bottled water, as well as oversight for labeling claims. Contacting the FDA would provide the most accurate information on the safety of bottled water. The USDA (United States Department of Agriculture) is responsible for regulating meat, poultry, and egg products, and would not have jurisdiction over bottled water. BPA (Bisphenol A) is a chemical used in plastic products, including some water bottles, but is not an agency responsible for regulating water safety. The EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) is responsible for regulating the quality of tap water, but not specifically bottled water.

Question 16

Scientists are uncertain whether ____ is an essential mineral for humans.

Accepted Answer

Vanadium is the only choice that is not an essential mineral for humans.

Question 17

While at a garage sale,Jenna purchased a set of used plastic baby bottles.She noticed the symbol "7" in a triangle on the bottom of the bottles.What would you tell her concerning the use of these bottles to feed her baby?

Accepted Answer

The symbol "7" in a triangle indicates that the plastic used in these bottles may contain bisphenol A, which has been linked to health concerns. It is not recommended to use bottles containing bisphenol A for feeding babies.

Question 18

Although Trevor is not zinc deficient,he takes large doses of zinc because he thinks it will enhance his athletic performance.He is likely to experience _____ as a result of this practice.

Accepted Answer

Taking large doses of zinc can actually suppress the immune system and cause immune dysfunction, leading to a higher risk of infections and illnesses. It can also cause copper deficiency because excessive zinc can interfere with copper absorption, leading to neurological problems and anemia. While zinc is important for reproductive system functioning, taking excessive amounts can actually lead to reduced libido and sperm count. Chronic constipation is not a typical symptom of excessive zinc intake.

Question 19

Mario is concerned about the safety of his home's tap water,which is conveyed by pipes from a public source in his community.Which of the following agencies should he contact to learn more about the safety of his tap water?

Accepted Answer

EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) is responsible for setting and enforcing standards for drinking water quality in the United States. Mario should contact the EPA to learn more about the safety of his tap water.

Question 20

In the United States,the practice of fortifying _____ with iodide has reduced the risk of goiter.

Accepted Answer

The practice of fortifying table salt with iodide has been common in the United States since the 1920s and has been successful in reducing the risk of goiter, a condition caused by iodine deficiency. Processed vegetables, soft drinks, and oatmeal products are not typically fortified with iodide.

Quiz 9: Water and Minerals

_____ enhances the effects of insulin on cell membranes.

Iodine is necessary for ________.

Angela is a 20-year-old college student.In addition to having a history of losing several primary teeth to dental decay,she seems to break bones easily.Based on this information,Angela may need to increase her intake of ________.

Marta is a pregnant woman suffering from severe iodine deficiency.As a result of the deficiency,she has a high risk of giving birth to a child with ________.

Cameron takes megadoses of a single mineral supplement.Lately,he's noticed that his fingernails break easily,his hair is falling out,and he's more tired than usual.His friends have told him that he smells like garlic.Based on this information,Cameron has consumed too much ________.

Which of the following minerals may have a physiological role,but more research is necessary to determine whether it is essential?

Scientists are uncertain whether ____ is an essential mineral for humans.

Lawrence wants to increase his zinc intake without relying on dietary supplements.Which of the following foods should he avoid eating,because they can interfere with intestinal absorption of zinc?

The introduction of iodized salt in the 1920s dramatically reduced rates of _____ in the United States.

Although Tim's body is not zinc deficient,he takes large doses of zinc because his best friend told him it will enhance his athletic performance.He is likely to experience _____ as a result of this practice.

In the United States,the plastic used to make water bottles may contain ________.

Alex is concerned about the safety of the bottled water he prefers to drink.Which of the following agencies should he contact to learn more about the safety of his bottled water?

Scientists are uncertain whether ____ is an essential mineral for humans.

While at a garage sale,Jenna purchased a set of used plastic baby bottles.She noticed the symbol "7" in a triangle on the bottom of the bottles.What would you tell her concerning the use of these bottles to feed her baby?

Although Trevor is not zinc deficient,he takes large doses of zinc because he thinks it will enhance his athletic performance.He is likely to experience _____ as a result of this practice.

Mario is concerned about the safety of his home's tap water,which is conveyed by pipes from a public source in his community.Which of the following agencies should he contact to learn more about the safety of his tap water?

In the United States,the practice of fortifying _____ with iodide has reduced the risk of goiter.