Question 1

Felicity's LDL cholesterol level is too high.To lower her cholesterol level,she took large doses of a certain vitamin supplement,but she experienced gastrointestinal ulcers and liver damage as a result.Based on this information,which vitamin did she take?

Accepted Answer

Niacin is used as a supplement to lower LDL cholesterol levels, but in high doses, it can cause gastrointestinal ulcers and liver damage. Riboflavin and B-12 are not used to lower cholesterol levels, and vitamin C is not known to cause gastrointestinal ulcers or liver damage in high doses.

Question 2

The classic signs and symptoms of pellagra include _________.

Accepted Answer

Pellagra is a nutritional disorder caused by a deficiency of niacin and tryptophan. The classic signs and symptoms of pellagra include diarrhea, dermatitis, and dementia. Edema and dry cough are not commonly associated with pellagra, and night blindness is a symptom of vitamin A deficiency.

Question 3

Becky's 2-year-old-son can't walk because he was born with spina bifid A.To reduce the chances that her next baby is born with this birth defect or related disorders,Becky should _________.

Accepted Answer

Consuming green leafy vegetables, drinking orange juice, and taking a folic acid supplement before getting pregnant is the best option for reducing the risk of spina bifida and related disorders. Folic acid has been found to be effective in reducing the risk of neural tube defects like spina bifida when taken before and during the early weeks of pregnancy.

Question 4

Of the following foods,which is the richest source of riboflavin?

Accepted Answer

Fat-free milk is the richest source of riboflavin among the given options with 0.5 mg per cup. Tomatoes, corn oil margarine, and red delicious apples have very minimal amounts of riboflavin.

Question 5

Which of the following foods is a good source of vitamin B-12?

Accepted Answer

Eggs are a good source of vitamin B-12, while whole-wheat bread, peanuts, and apples are not.

Question 6

The body needs folate to produce a coenzyme that _________.

Accepted Answer

Folate is necessary for the synthesis of DNA, which is essential for cell growth and reproduction. Folate helps in the formation of new cells and also supports the production of red blood cells. Without enough folate, the body may produce larger red blood cells that do not function correctly, leading to anemia.

Question 7

Green leafy vegetables and orange juice are rich sources of _________.

Accepted Answer

Green leafy vegetables and orange juice are both rich sources of folate. Iron is found in red meat, spinach, and beans; thiamin is found in whole grains, pork, and beans; and vitamin B-12 is found in animal products such as dairy, meat, and eggs.

Question 8

Which of the following food groups includes foods that are rich sources of riboflavin?

Accepted Answer

Dairy products such as milk, cheese, and yogurt are rich sources of riboflavin.

Question 9

The classic signs and symptoms of pellagra include _________.

Accepted Answer

The classic signs and symptoms of pellagra include dermatitis, which is skin inflammation and irritation. Pellagra is caused by a deficiency of niacin (vitamin B3), and other symptoms include gastrointestinal problems, neurological symptoms, and, in severe cases, dementia and death. Heartburn, weak bones, and night blindness are not typically associated with pellagra.

Question 10

Which of the following food groups includes foods that are among the best sources of riboflavin?

Accepted Answer

Grains that have undergone enrichment are the best sources of riboflavin. Enrichment is the process of adding nutrients that were lost during processing back into the grain. Riboflavin is one of the nutrients that is often added during enrichment, making enriched grains a good source of this vitamin.

Question 11

Pregnant women who have a history of inadequate _____ intakes are at risk of having babies with neural tube defects.

Accepted Answer

Pregnant women who have a history of inadequate folate intakes are at risk of having babies with neural tube defects. Folate is crucial for the development of the neural tube, which later becomes the baby's brain and spinal cord. A deficiency in folate can increase the risk of neural tube defects, such as spina bifida and anencephaly. Iron, selenium, and vitamin A are important nutrients for pregnant women, but they do not have as significant of an impact on neural tube development as folate.

Question 12

Dorothy is a 65-year-old woman with pernicious anemi A.What treatment would her doctor recommend?

Accepted Answer

Pernicious anemia is caused by the body's inability to absorb enough vitamin B-12 from the diet. Therefore, the most effective treatment for pernicious anemia is vitamin B-12 injections.

Question 13

Sean has carpal tunnel syndrome.A few months ago,he began taking megadoses of vitamin B-6,when he read that the vitamin can cure the disorder.Today,Sean reported to his friends that his hands were feeling numb and his walking is unsteady.Based on this information,Sean should _________.

Accepted Answer

The symptoms of numbness and unsteadiness in Sean's hands and walking may indicate vitamin B-6 toxicity. Megadoses of any vitamin or mineral can be dangerous and may cause adverse effects. Sean should discontinue taking vitamin B-6 and consult with a healthcare professional for advice on managing his carpal tunnel syndrome.

Question 14

Ronald has an inherited metabolic defect in which his cells have difficulty processing homocysteine to methionine.His physician may recommend vitamin _____ supplements to help Ronald's body metabolize homocysteine.

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B-6 (pyridoxine) is involved in the metabolism of homocysteine, where it acts as a coenzyme in the conversion of homocysteine to methionine. Therefore, supplementation with vitamin B-6 can help in conditions where there is difficulty in processing homocysteine.

Question 15

Intrinsic factor is needed to absorb vitamin _________.

Accepted Answer

Intrinsic factor is required for the absorption of vitamin B-12, also known as cobalamin. The other options, vitamins C, A, and B-6, are not dependent on intrinsic factor for absorption.

Question 16

Ron's diet lacks niacin.He hasn't developed pellagra,because he consumes a high-protein diet that contains plenty of _____,the precursor for niacin.

Accepted Answer

Tryptophan is an essential amino acid, which the body converts to niacin. This conversion process is not efficient, but it can help to prevent niacin deficiency if a person's diet lacks niacin. Therefore, Ron's high-protein diet is likely to provide him with enough tryptophan to prevent pellagra from developing.

Question 17

As a result of an inherited metabolic defect,Christopher's cells have difficulty converting homocysteine to _________.

Accepted Answer

Homocysteine can be converted into cysteine through a process that involves vitamin B-6, folate, and vitamin B-12. If someone has a metabolic defect that impairs this process, they may have elevated levels of homocysteine in their blood.

Question 18

Erika takes megadoses of vitamin B-6 because she thinks it benefits her health.After learning about this vitamin in your nutrition class,which of the following statements about vitamin B-6 would be the most accurate information to tell her?

Accepted Answer

Ingesting large doses of vitamin B-6 can lead to nerve damage. High doses of vitamin B-6 can cause nerve damage, leading to numbness and tingling in the hands and feet, muscle weakness, and loss of balance and coordination. It is important to stick to the recommended daily allowance for vitamin B-6.

Question 19

Which of the following foods is a good source of vitamin B-12?

Accepted Answer

Lean meats, such as beef, chicken, and fish, are the best sources of vitamin B-12. This nutrient is only found naturally in animal products, so vegetarians and vegans may need to supplement or consume fortified foods in order to meet their needs. Raw carrots, whole-wheat bread, and walnuts do not contain significant amounts of vitamin B-12.

Question 20

Humans need vitamin B-6 for _________.

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B-6 is necessary for the metabolism of amino acids, which are the building blocks of protein.

Quiz 8: Vitamins

Felicity's LDL cholesterol level is too high.To lower her cholesterol level,she took large doses of a certain vitamin supplement,but she experienced gastrointestinal ulcers and liver damage as a result.Based on this information,which vitamin did she take?

The classic signs and symptoms of pellagra include _________.

Becky's 2-year-old-son can't walk because he was born with spina bifid A.To reduce the chances that her next baby is born with this birth defect or related disorders,Becky should _________.

Of the following foods,which is the richest source of riboflavin?

Which of the following foods is a good source of vitamin B-12?

The body needs folate to produce a coenzyme that _________.

Green leafy vegetables and orange juice are rich sources of _________.

Which of the following food groups includes foods that are rich sources of riboflavin?

The classic signs and symptoms of pellagra include _________.

Which of the following food groups includes foods that are among the best sources of riboflavin?

Pregnant women who have a history of inadequate _____ intakes are at risk of having babies with neural tube defects.

Dorothy is a 65-year-old woman with pernicious anemi A.What treatment would her doctor recommend?

Sean has carpal tunnel syndrome.A few months ago,he began taking megadoses of vitamin B-6,when he read that the vitamin can cure the disorder.Today,Sean reported to his friends that his hands were feeling numb and his walking is unsteady.Based on this information,Sean should _________.

Ronald has an inherited metabolic defect in which his cells have difficulty processing homocysteine to methionine.His physician may recommend vitamin _____ supplements to help Ronald's body metabolize homocysteine.

Intrinsic factor is needed to absorb vitamin _________.

Ron's diet lacks niacin.He hasn't developed pellagra,because he consumes a high-protein diet that contains plenty of _____,the precursor for niacin.

As a result of an inherited metabolic defect,Christopher's cells have difficulty converting homocysteine to _________.

Erika takes megadoses of vitamin B-6 because she thinks it benefits her health.After learning about this vitamin in your nutrition class,which of the following statements about vitamin B-6 would be the most accurate information to tell her?

Which of the following foods is a good source of vitamin B-12?

Humans need vitamin B-6 for _________.