Question 1

When children in diverse cultures challenge adult authority,they typically do so

Accepted Answer

In many diverse cultures, it is common for children to challenge adult authority within the personal domain. This means that they may disagree or negotiate with adults in matters related to their own personal choices, such as clothing, food, or social activities. This is seen as a way for children to assert their independence and develop decision-making skills, rather than a sign of disrespect or defiance.

Question 2

Which of the following is true about perspective taking?

Accepted Answer

Perspective taking involves the ability to imagine and understand others' thoughts and feelings. Children with poor social skills often struggle with this, as they may be less attuned to social cues and have difficulty recognizing the perspectives of others.

Question 3

__________ children are at the highest risk for poor school performance,antisocial behavior,substance abuse,and delinquency.

Accepted Answer

Rejected children are at the highest risk for poor school performance, antisocial behavior, substance abuse, and delinquency due to social isolation and negative peer interactions.

Question 4

Studies of friendship during middle childhood show that

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that by age 8 or 9, most children report having only a handful of close friends. This suggests that as children move into middle childhood, their friendships become more selective and they develop deeper relationships with a smaller group of peers.

Question 5

Rejected-aggressive children are

Accepted Answer

Rejected-aggressive children are often perceived as hostile and confrontational, and they are deficient in perspective taking and emotional self-regulation. This can make it difficult for them to form positive relationships with their peers, leading to rejection from the group. Research has also shown that rejected-aggressive children are at higher risk for a range of negative outcomes, including academic difficulties and delinquency.

Question 6

When classmates are asked to rate each other's likeability,__________ children get many positive votes,whereas __________ children are seldom mentioned.

Accepted Answer

The first part of the sentence states that "popular" children get many positive votes, suggesting that they are well-liked by their peers. The second part of the sentence implies that there is another group of children who are not well-liked, but it does not specify who these children are. Therefore, the best choice is A, which pairs "popular" with its opposite, "neglected", indicating that the second group of children are simply ignored rather than outright rejected.

Question 7

In middle childhood,__________ contributes to the development of trust and sensitivity.

Accepted Answer

Friendship in middle childhood contributes to the development of trust and sensitivity as children learn to establish and maintain positive relationships with others, empathize with their feelings, and navigate conflicts in a supportive manner. Informal peer group membership may also play a role in social development, but it is more focused on shared interests and activities rather than the formation of close bonds and emotional connections. Peer conformity and formal group membership may promote social integration and conformity to norms, but they do not necessarily foster trust and sensitivity in the same way that friendship does.

Question 8

Research on aggressive children's friendships reveals that

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that the social problems of aggressive children operate within their closest peer ties, indicating that the negative behaviors and tendencies often associated with aggression are most pronounced within the context of close friendships. While aggressive children may make friends, the stability of those relationships over middle childhood is not necessarily addressed in this research, nor is the suggestion that social problems improve as a result of friendship. Aggressive boys' friendships may be high in the exchange of private feelings, but they are also characterized by conflict.

Question 9

Martina recognizes that other people can have different thoughts and feelings from her own,but she frequently confuses the two.Martina is displaying behavior consistent with Level ____ of Selman's stages of perspective taking.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Martina recognizes that other people can have...

Question 10

On a measure of peer acceptance,Dustin was seldom mentioned either positively or negatively.Dustin would be considered a ___________ child.

Accepted Answer

Dustin is considered a neglected child because he is seldom mentioned by peers, indicating he is neither liked nor disliked, and is often overlooked.

Question 11

Research on peer groups during middle childhood shows that

Accepted Answer

Research has found that peer groups during middle childhood provide opportunities for children to learn cooperation, leadership, followership, and loyalty to collective goals. These groups also help children develop social skills such as compromising, negotiating, and problem-solving. Peer groups can also provide emotional support and a sense of belonging, which contributes to positive self-esteem and self-concept.

Question 12

Fernando has reached the self-reflective level of Selman's stages of perspective taking.Which of the following statements is most likely true about Fernando?

Accepted Answer

Fernando has reached the self-reflective level of Selman's stages of perspective taking, which means that he can "step into another person's shoes" and view his own thoughts, feelings, and behavior from the other person's perspective. Option A is incorrect because confusion of others' thoughts and feelings with one's own is associated with the social-informational stage. Option C is incorrect because the societal-informational stage involves understanding how the larger societal context can affect perspectives.

Question 13

Once a friendship forms,________ becomes its defining feature.

Accepted Answer

Trust is the key factor that defines a friendship. It is built over time through honesty, reliability, and mutual understanding. Without trust, a friendship cannot survive. While proximity and shared experiences can contribute to the formation of a friendship, they are not necessarily defining features. Conformity may even have a negative impact on a friendship if it involves sacrificing one's own values or beliefs.

Question 14

Harrison is a popular-antisocial child.Which characteristic is he likely to display?

Accepted Answer

Popular-antisocial children are often athletically skilled but may perform poorly academically and exhibit defiant or trouble-causing behavior.

Question 15

Kendall understands that third-party perspective taking can be influenced by one or more systems of large societal values.According to Selman's theory of perspective taking,Kendall is in what age range?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Kendall understands that third-party perspective taking can...

Question 16

By the end of middle childhood,children display a strong desire for

Accepted Answer

By the end of middle childhood, children typically display a strong desire for group belonging or acceptance among their peers. They begin to place greater importance on their relationships with their peers and seek out peer acceptance and friendship. Their self-esteem becomes more dependent on the opinions of their peers and the status they hold within their peer group.

Question 17

The majority of popular-prosocial children combine __________ and __________ competence.

Accepted Answer

The majority of popular-prosocial children combine academic and social competence.

Question 18

On a measure of peer acceptance,Michael received a large number of positive and negative votes.Michael would be considered a __________ child.

Accepted Answer

A child who receives both positive and negative votes on a measure of peer acceptance is considered controversial. This means that some peers like the child and some do not, making the child a topic of discussion or controversy among their peers.

Question 19

Maddy spends most of her time with a particular set of friends.Within this group,there are specific standards of behavior,a specialized dress code,and identified leaders.Maddy is most likely

Accepted Answer

The description of Maddy's social group suggests that she is part of a peer group with specific social norms, standards, and leaders. This does not necessarily indicate that she is controversial or part of a popular clique, and it is unrelated to androgyny.

Question 20

Skye,a rejected-withdrawn child,is most likely

Accepted Answer

Skye's experience of rejection and withdrawal from peers is likely to result in her feeling very concerned about being scorned and attacked by others. This may lead to some social anxiety and avoidance of situations where she might be exposed to possible rejection. It does not necessarily mean that she will be antagonistic, a bully, or uninterested in peer interactions, although these are possible outcomes depending on her individual circumstances and coping strategies.

Quiz 10: Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood