Question 1

The following are disadvantages of drug administration by injection EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

This statement is actually false. Injected drugs tend to have a faster and more predictable response than orally administered drugs. Therefore, all the other choices (A, B, and C) are disadvantages of drug administration by injection.

Question 2

The study of the movement of drugs through the body over time is termed:

Accepted Answer

Pharmacokinetics refers to the study of the movement of drugs through the body over time, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination. Pharmacology is the study of how drugs interact with biological systems, while physiology is the study of normal bodily function. Pharmacodynamics is the study of the effects of drugs on the body, including their mechanisms of action.

Question 3

A drug that can pass rapidly and easily through the capillary wall surrounding the brain must be:

Accepted Answer

The capillary walls surrounding the brain are made up of tightly packed cells that form the blood-brain barrier. This barrier is highly selective and allows only certain molecules to pass through. Small lipid-soluble molecules can easily pass through the blood-brain barrier, but water-soluble molecules cannot. Therefore, a drug that can pass rapidly and easily through the capillary wall surrounding the brain must be highly lipid soluble.

Question 4

"Metabolism" of a drug refers to the process of:

Accepted Answer

Metabolism of a drug refers to the process of biotransformation where the drug is chemically modified by enzymes in the body, often in the liver, to form metabolites that can be eliminated from the body. This process involves detoxification of the drug as it is converted into a form that can be eliminated from the body. Absorption refers to the entry of the drug into the bloodstream, distribution refers to the movement of the drug throughout the body, and elimination refers to the removal of the drug from the body.

Question 5

Rectal drug administration may be used in place of oral drug administration to avoid:

Accepted Answer

Rectal drug administration can bypass the gastrointestinal system, reducing the risk of nausea and vomiting that may occur with oral administration.

Question 6

With the exception of the mode employed with some gas anesthetics,the fastest mode of drug administration is:

Accepted Answer

Intravenous injection is the fastest mode of drug administration as it delivers the drug directly into the bloodstream, allowing for rapid and immediate effects. All other modes of administration involve some degree of absorption and transportation before it reaches the bloodstream.

Question 7

Enzymes that degrade a drug in the gastrointestinal tract and liver decrease the amount of drug that reaches the circulation by a mechanism known as:

Accepted Answer

First-pass metabolism is the mechanism by which enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract and liver break down a drug before it reaches the systemic circulation. This leads to a decrease in the amount of active drug that reaches the body's tissues and can impact the effectiveness of the drug.

Question 8

"Enteral" drug administration involves:

Accepted Answer

Enteral drug administration involves the administration of drugs through the gastrointestinal tract, usually through oral ingestion or feeding tubes. This method of drug delivery is in contrast to parental routes of administration, inhalation, or injection.

Question 9

All of the following drug attributes decrease the likelihood of drug absorption EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Small size generally facilitates drug absorption as it allows the drug to pass more easily through biological membranes.

Question 10

One substance capable of inhibiting enzymatic degradation in the liver and gastrointestinal tract is:

Accepted Answer

Grapefruit juice contains a substance that inhibits the activity of CYP3A4, an enzyme responsible for the metabolism of many drugs in the liver and gastrointestinal tract. Inhibition of this enzyme can lead to increased concentrations of drugs in the body, which can result in higher effectiveness, but also may increase the risk of side effects.

Question 11

The main difference between the two anti-anxiety drugs,lorazepam (Ativan)and triazolam (Halcion),can best be described as:

Accepted Answer

The main difference between lorazepam (Ativan) and triazolam (Halcion) is their pharmacokinetics, which refers to how the body processes and metabolizes the drugs. Lorazepam has a longer half-life than triazolam, meaning it stays in the body longer and is processed more slowly. Triazolam is primarily used as a short-term sleep aid, while lorazepam is used for longer-term treatment of anxiety disorders. Understanding the pharmacokinetics of these drugs is important for determining appropriate dosages and treatment regimens.

Question 12

The most dangerous mode of drug administration is:

Accepted Answer

Intravenous injection is the most dangerous mode of drug administration as it delivers the drug directly into the bloodstream, resulting in an immediate and potent effect. This route of administration poses a higher risk for overdose and adverse reactions, such as infection, embolism, and damage to veins and surrounding tissues.

Question 13

The quantity of drug that reaches its target is determined by its:

Accepted Answer

The quantity of drug that reaches its target is determined by all three factors - absorption, distribution, and metabolism. Absorption refers to how much of the drug is taken up into the bloodstream, distribution refers to how the drug is carried to its target site, and metabolism refers to how much of the drug is broken down by the body before it reaches its target. Therefore, the best choice is D - absorption, distribution, and metabolism.

Question 14

In its simplest form,"pharmacokinetics" describes a drug's:

Accepted Answer

Pharmacokinetics describes the time course of a drug, including its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination from the body, which can influence its effectiveness and safety. It does not describe the drug's strength, main effects, or toxicity levels specifically.

Question 15

Drawback(s)to intravenous injection,as opposed to other forms of administration,of drugs include all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Intravenous injection allows for direct delivery of drugs into the bloodstream, ensuring rapid and predictable absorption, unlike other forms of administration where absorption can be more variable.

Question 16

Drugs administered "sublingually" (under the tongue)and drugs administered orally are absorbed mostly in the _____ and _______,respectively.

Accepted Answer

Drugs administered sublingually (under the tongue) are absorbed mostly in the mouth, while drugs administered orally are mainly absorbed in the small intestine.

Question 17

The main advantage of administering a drug through "transdermal patches" is:

Accepted Answer

Transdermal patches provide a relatively constant release of medication into the bloodstream over an extended period, resulting in a stable plasma drug concentration. This is particularly important for drugs with a narrow therapeutic window, as it minimizes the risk of toxicity or inadequate dosing. The lack of irritation to tissue (A) and ability to avoid absorption into the bloodstream (C) are also benefits of transdermal patch administration, but they are not the main advantage. Speed of onset of drug action (B) may not be as rapid with patches as with other routes of administration, such as inhalation or injection.

Question 18

The term kinetics implies _____ and time.

Accepted Answer

Kinetics is the study of movement and how it relates to time.

Question 19

What are the two main differences between capillaries in the periphery and capillaries surrounding the brain?

Accepted Answer

Capillaries in the periphery have pores in their walls to allow for the exchange of nutrients and waste between the blood and surrounding tissues. Capillaries surrounding the brain, on the other hand, have no pores and are surrounded by membranes of astrocyte cells, which act as a selective barrier to regulate the entry of substances into the brain. This is known as the blood-brain barrier.

Question 20

When administered by injection and inhalation,drugs enter the _____ and _____ side of the heart,respectively.

Accepted Answer

When drugs are administered by injection, they enter the right side of the heart through the venous system before being pumped to the lungs for oxygenation. When drugs are administered by inhalation, they enter the left side of the heart through the pulmonary circulation after being absorbed by lung tissues. Therefore, the correct answer is option B, where drugs administered by injection enter the right side of the heart, and drugs administered by inhalation enter the left side of the heart.

Quiz 2: Pharmacokinetics: How the Body Handles Drugs

The following are disadvantages of drug administration by injection EXCEPT:

The study of the movement of drugs through the body over time is termed:

A drug that can pass rapidly and easily through the capillary wall surrounding the brain must be:

"Metabolism" of a drug refers to the process of:

Rectal drug administration may be used in place of oral drug administration to avoid:

With the exception of the mode employed with some gas anesthetics,the fastest mode of drug administration is:

Enzymes that degrade a drug in the gastrointestinal tract and liver decrease the amount of drug that reaches the circulation by a mechanism known as:

"Enteral" drug administration involves:

All of the following drug attributes decrease the likelihood of drug absorption EXCEPT:

One substance capable of inhibiting enzymatic degradation in the liver and gastrointestinal tract is:

The main difference between the two anti-anxiety drugs,lorazepam (Ativan) and triazolam (Halcion) ,can best be described as:

The most dangerous mode of drug administration is:

The quantity of drug that reaches its target is determined by its:

In its simplest form,"pharmacokinetics" describes a drug's:

Drawback(s) to intravenous injection,as opposed to other forms of administration,of drugs include all of the following EXCEPT:

Drugs administered "sublingually" (under the tongue) and drugs administered orally are absorbed mostly in the _ and ___,respectively.

The main advantage of administering a drug through "transdermal patches" is:

The term kinetics implies _____ and time.

What are the two main differences between capillaries in the periphery and capillaries surrounding the brain?

When administered by injection and inhalation,drugs enter the _ and _ side of the heart,respectively.

Quiz 2: Pharmacokinetics: How the Body Handles Drugs

The following are disadvantages of drug administration by injection EXCEPT:

The study of the movement of drugs through the body over time is termed:

A drug that can pass rapidly and easily through the capillary wall surrounding the brain must be:

"Metabolism" of a drug refers to the process of:

Rectal drug administration may be used in place of oral drug administration to avoid:

With the exception of the mode employed with some gas anesthetics,the fastest mode of drug administration is:

Enzymes that degrade a drug in the gastrointestinal tract and liver decrease the amount of drug that reaches the circulation by a mechanism known as:

"Enteral" drug administration involves:

All of the following drug attributes decrease the likelihood of drug absorption EXCEPT:

One substance capable of inhibiting enzymatic degradation in the liver and gastrointestinal tract is:

The main difference between the two anti-anxiety drugs,lorazepam (Ativan) and triazolam (Halcion) ,can best be described as:

The most dangerous mode of drug administration is:

The quantity of drug that reaches its target is determined by its:

In its simplest form,"pharmacokinetics" describes a drug's:

Drawback(s) to intravenous injection,as opposed to other forms of administration,of drugs include all of the following EXCEPT:

Drugs administered "sublingually" (under the tongue) and drugs administered orally are absorbed mostly in the _____ and _______,respectively.

The main advantage of administering a drug through "transdermal patches" is:

The term kinetics implies _____ and time.

What are the two main differences between capillaries in the periphery and capillaries surrounding the brain?

When administered by injection and inhalation,drugs enter the _____ and _____ side of the heart,respectively.

Drugs administered "sublingually" (under the tongue) and drugs administered orally are absorbed mostly in the _ and ___,respectively.

When administered by injection and inhalation,drugs enter the _ and _ side of the heart,respectively.