Question 1

Enculturation begins with the development of self-awareness,which may be defined as:

Accepted Answer

Self-awareness refers to the ability to identify oneself as an object, to react and appraise oneself. It is the first step in the process of enculturation, which involves adapting to one's cultural environment. Option A is incorrect because assuming social roles is a result of enculturation, not self-awareness. Option C is incorrect because the process of adapting to a particular environment is a result of enculturation, not self-awareness. Option D is incorrect because identifying right and wrong is a result of moral development, not self-awareness. Option E is incorrect because the belief in previous lives is not relevant to enculturation or self-awareness.

Question 2

An individual's personality is all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

The statement "is never part of the internalized awareness of the person" is not true. An individual’s personality is a part of their internalized awareness as it influences their thoughts, emotions, and behaviors.

Question 3

In studying three societies in New Guinea,Margaret Mead found that the roles played by men and women were determined primarily by:

Accepted Answer

Margaret Mead's research in New Guinea highlighted that the roles played by men and women were determined by the cultural practices and beliefs of the society rather than biological factors.

Question 4

All of the following statements about the naming ceremony are true except:

Accepted Answer

It is not true that all cultures have a ceremony to mark the naming of a child. Some cultures may have informal ways of naming their children without any formal ceremony.

Question 5

Navajo babies begin to learn the importance of community at the:

Accepted Answer

The First Laugh Ceremony is a Navajo tradition where family members and community members come together to celebrate and bring good luck to a newborn. The baby is placed on a sheepskin and surrounded by close family members who tell jokes and make funny faces until the baby laughs for the first time. This ceremony is significant because it symbolizes the importance of laughter, happiness, and community in Navajo culture. It is believed that the baby's first laugh can bring good luck and happiness to the community, and it is a reminder for the family to always value and prioritize their community.

Question 6

The__________________do not consider an infant truly "human" until they have given it a name.

Accepted Answer

The statement is referring to the Aymara Indians of South America.

Question 7

Which of the following anthropologists argued that cultures are collective projections of a personality type?

Accepted Answer

Ruth Benedict argued that cultures are collective projections of a personality type, meaning that the personality of individuals within a culture is reflected in the overall values and traditions of that culture. She developed this theory in her book "Patterns of Culture."

Question 8

Which orientation includes standards that indicate what ranges of behavior are acceptable for males and females in a particular society?

Accepted Answer

Normative orientation includes standards and norms that are accepted within a society, including those related to gender roles and expectations.

Question 9

Living in a tropical environment where one learns to orient oneself through a vertical landscape of tall trees and speckled light is part of:

Accepted Answer

Spatial orientation refers to the ability to navigate through and understand one's environment. The given scenario describes a tropical environment where one learns to orient themselves through a vertical landscape of tall trees and speckled light, which is a clear example of spatial orientation. Gender orientation, object orientation, normative orientation, and temporal orientation are not relevant in this context.

Question 10

Which of the following statements is not correct?

Accepted Answer

Culture is not biologically inherited. It is a learned behavior and passed down through socialization and enculturation.

Question 11

In traditional Ju/'hoansi society,fathers and mothers alike show great indulgence to children.A result of this indulgence is that the children:

Accepted Answer

In traditional Ju/'hoansi society, both fathers and mothers show great indulgence towards their children. As a result, the children do not fear or respect men more than they do women, indicating that they value and respect both genders equally.

Question 12

John Locke's theory of tabula rasa was not sufficient because it did not:

Accepted Answer

John Locke's theory of tabula rasa posited that individuals are born without built-in mental content and that all knowledge comes from experience or perception. It did not take into account genetic contributions to human development, which are now recognized as significant factors influencing an individual's characteristics and abilities.

Question 13

Which anthropologist stated that the purpose of anthropology is to "make the world safe for human differences"?

Accepted Answer

Ruth Benedict stated this quote in her book "Patterns of Culture" (1934), emphasizing the importance of understanding and valuing cultural diversity in order to promote coexistence and harmony among different groups of people.

Question 14

A study of childrearing among the Ju/'hoansi of Africa indicates that:

Accepted Answer

The study of childrearing among the Ju/'hoansi of Africa indicates that boys and girls are raised in a very similar manner and are both mild-mannered and self-reliant. They are not differentiated based on gender roles and are given equal opportunities to participate in all activities.

Question 15

Which of the following statements about self-awareness is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

The incorrect statement is that American children develop self-awareness earlier than Ju/'hoansi children. This is not necessarily true as the development of self-awareness can be influenced by various factors including cultural practices and the amount of social stimulation, rather than being strictly tied to geographic or cultural identity.

Question 16

A society with extensive types of childcare,a desire to make the individual feel socially attached and generally free of stranger anxiety,and with high levels of sharing and social involvement would most likely have what type of training or children?

Accepted Answer

A society with extensive types of childcare and a high level of sharing and social involvement would likely be promoting interdependence, which involves individuals relying on each other and working together towards common goals. This type of society would likely value community and cooperation over individualism, which would support the development of social attachments and reduce stranger anxiety. Independence and separation would not be promoted in such a society, as they would be at odds with the focus on social connections and interdependence. Similarly, modal or self-awareness training would not be necessary or relevant in this context.

Question 17

Dependence training is most often found associated with which type of society?

Accepted Answer

Dependence training is most often associated with foraging and subsistence societies, where cooperation and sharing are crucial for survival.

Question 18

Which of the following includes definitions and explanations of objects,spatial orientation,and temporal orientation,as well as culturally defined values,ideals,and standards that provide an individual with a normative orientation?

Accepted Answer

The behavioral environment includes definitions and explanations of objects, spatial orientation, and temporal orientation, as well as culturally defined values, ideals, and standards that provide an individual with a normative orientation. This concept encompasses how individuals perceive and interact with their environment based on learned behaviors and cultural norms.

Question 19

__________________ is the distinctive way a person thinks,feels,and behaves.

Accepted Answer

Personality refers to a set of enduring traits and patterns of thought, feeling, and behavior that make each individual unique. It encompasses aspects such as temperament, character, values, and attitudes.

Question 20

Childrearing practices that encourage compliance in performing tasks and dependence upon the group rather than on the individual is called:

Accepted Answer

The description given in the question matches the characteristics of dependence training, where children are taught to be compliant and rely on the group rather than their individual abilities.

Quiz 16: Social Identity, Personality, and Gender