Question 1

What hormone is produced by the brain's pineal gland when preparing the body for sleep?
A) melatonin
B) cortisol
C) testosterone
D) estrogen

Accepted Answer

Melatonin is the hormone produced by the pineal gland that helps regulate the sleep-wake cycle. It is released in response to darkness and helps prepare the body for sleep.

Question 2

Molly is of low birth weight and has parents who smoke around her. Molly is likely at higher risk for
A) sudden infant death syndrome.
B) congenital heart disease.
C) cystic fibrosis.
D) folic acid deficiency.

Accepted Answer

Low birth weight and exposure to secondhand smoke are known risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome. The other options do not have a strong association with these factors.

Question 3

According to recent research, to avoid cognitive damage, adults should get
A) more than 7 hours of sleep per night.
B) between 7 and 9 hours of sleep per night.
C) between 8 and 10 hours of sleep per night.
D) 8 hours of sleep per night.

Accepted Answer

According to recent research, adults should aim to get between 7 and 9 hours of sleep per night to avoid cognitive damage. Getting less than 7 hours or more than 9 hours has been linked to impairments in cognitive function. Therefore, option B is the best choice.

Question 4

Roughly what percentage of adult sleep is spent in REM sleep?
A) 20 percent
B) 40 percent
C) 50 percent
D) 75 percent

Accepted Answer

REM sleep constitutes about 20-25% of total sleep in most adult humans, making option A the correct choice.

Question 5

Fifteen-year-old Tamara only gets about six hours of sleep each night. Which of the following behaviors may Tamara exhibit due to her lack of sleep?
A) irritability
B) lower capacity for attention
C) fatigue
D) All of these answers are correct.

Accepted Answer

Lack of sleep can lead to irritability, lower capacity for attention, and fatigue. Tamara may exhibit all of these behaviors due to her insufficient amount of sleep. It is important for teenagers to get at least 8-10 hours of sleep per night to maintain good physical and mental health.

Question 6

What percentage of infant sleep is spent, on average, in REM sleep?
A) 70 percent
B) 50 percent
C) 25 percent
D) 10 percent

Accepted Answer

Infants spend about 50 percent of their sleep time in REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep, which is significantly higher than the percentage of REM sleep in adults. This high proportion of REM sleep in infants is thought to be important for the development of the brain.

Question 7

High schools in Edina, Minnesota, delayed class start time based on the finding that _____, the sleep hormone, is released approximately an hour later in older adolescents.
A) cortisol
B) melatonin
C) testosterone
D) estrogen

Accepted Answer

Melatonin is the hormone responsible for regulating sleep-wake cycles, and it is released approximately an hour later in older adolescents. This delay in melatonin release can cause teenagers to have difficulty falling asleep earlier in the evening, making it challenging for them to wake up early for school. Delaying the start time of high school can help to align adolescents' sleep patterns with their natural melatonin release, improving their overall sleep quality and academic performance.

Question 8

A recent study linked bed sharing with which of the following?
A) infant sleep apnea
B) infant heart arrhythmias
C) co-dependency issues
D) SIDS

Accepted Answer

The study linked bed sharing with SIDS, or sudden infant death syndrome.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT associated with a lack of sleep in adolescents?
A) higher levels of irritability
B) higher levels of melatonin
C) higher levels of anxiety
D) higher levels of fatigue

Accepted Answer

Higher levels of melatonin are actually associated with better sleep. A lack of sleep in adolescents is commonly associated with higher levels of irritability, anxiety, and fatigue.

Question 10

Six-month-old Ethan goes to day care, watches TV when his parents make dinner, and has already started eating solid food. These practices are likely to increase which problem for Ethan and his parents?
A) obesity
B) nighttime waking
C) night terrors
D) lack of attachment with the mother

Accepted Answer

The answer of Six-month-old Ethan goes to day care, watches...

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor related to sudden infant death syndrome?
A) passive exposure to cigarette smoke
B) congenital heart disease
C) sleeping in a bedroom with a fan
D) having siblings who have died of SIDS

Accepted Answer

Sleeping in a bedroom with a fan is not a risk factor related to sudden infant death syndrome. The other three options, passive exposure to cigarette smoke, congenital heart disease, and having siblings who have died of SIDS, are all recognized risk factors for SIDS.

Question 12

Tameka's newborn baby is awake for several hours during the night and often sleeps during the day. At what age will her child have likely established a pattern of sleeping mostly at night?
A) 1 month
B) 3 months
C) 6 months
D) 12 months

Accepted Answer

By around 6 months, most babies have developed a more regular sleep pattern, with longer stretches of sleep at night.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT true about sleep in adulthood?
A) Poor sleep can result in earlier death.
B) Many older adults go to bed earlier and wake up earlier than adolescents and emerging adults.
C) Sleep problems in middle-aged adults are more common in those who are obese.
D) The average American adult gets just under 6 hours of sleep a night.

Accepted Answer

The average American adult actually gets about 7 hours of sleep a night, not just under 6 hours.

Question 14

Who is MOST likely to get up latest in the day?
A) Tom, who is a junior in high school
B) Phil, who is a freshman in college
C) Joe, who is a junior in college
D) Steve, who is a senior in college

Accepted Answer

Freshmen in college often have more flexibility in their schedules and are adjusting to newfound freedom, which might lead to staying up later and getting up later in the day compared to high school students or upperclassmen who may have more responsibilities or have adjusted to college life.

Question 15

Which of the following was a conclusion reached in the brain study of the Sisters of Notre Dame of Mankato?
A) High levels of folic acid were linked to increased symptoms of Alzheimer disease.
B) "Serving" nuns showed more moderate declines in intellectual skills than "teaching" nuns.
C) Positive emotions in early adulthood were linked to longevity.
D) High levels of dopamine were linked to increased brain lateralization.

Accepted Answer

The study of the Sisters of Notre Dame of Mankato found that positive emotions in early adulthood, as evidenced in personal journal entries, were linked to longevity, suggesting a connection between a positive outlook and a longer life.

Question 16

Which of the following is recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics to reduce the risk of SIDS?
A) Place infants on their sides to sleep.
B) Place infants on their backs to sleep.
C) Infants should sleep next to a parent to ensure quick response to breathing pauses.
D) Place infants on their stomachs to sleep.

Accepted Answer

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends placing infants on their backs to sleep to reduce the risk of SIDS.

Question 17

Lack of sleep in young children is linked with which of the following?
A) problems at school
B) later problems with substance abuse
C) attention problems
D) All of these answers are correct.

Accepted Answer

Lack of sleep in young children has been linked with problems at school, later problems with substance abuse, and attention problems. Therefore, all of these answers are correct.

Question 18

Which of the following is true regarding 6-month-old Cassidy's sleep pattern?
A) She spends most of her time in REM sleep.
B) She spends the same amount of time in REM sleep as in non-REM sleep.
C) She starts to begin her sleep cycle with REM sleep.
D) She spends her longest span of sleep at night.

Accepted Answer

At 6 months of age, Cassidy would be spending more time in non-REM sleep than in REM sleep. However, it is true that her longest span of sleep would typically occur at night, as opposed to during the day. Therefore, option D is the most accurate answer.

Question 19

Which of the following has NOT been linked to shorter durations of infant sleep?
A) infant TV viewing
B) maternal depression during pregnancy
C) early introduction of solid food
D) sleeping alone vs. with parents

Accepted Answer

Sleeping arrangements, such as sleeping alone versus with parents, have not been consistently linked to shorter durations of infant sleep, unlike the other factors listed.

Question 20

How much time can newborn Tyler's parents expect him to sleep?
A) 5-7 hours a day
B) 9-13 hours a day
C) 16-17 hours a day
D) 22-23 hours a day

Accepted Answer

Newborns typically sleep for 16-17 hours a day.

Quiz 3: Physical Development and Biological Aging

What hormone is produced by the brain's pineal gland when preparing the body for sleep?

Molly is of low birth weight and has parents who smoke around her. Molly is likely at higher risk for

According to recent research, to avoid cognitive damage, adults should get

Roughly what percentage of adult sleep is spent in REM sleep?

Fifteen-year-old Tamara only gets about six hours of sleep each night. Which of the following behaviors may Tamara exhibit due to her lack of sleep?

What percentage of infant sleep is spent, on average, in REM sleep?

High schools in Edina, Minnesota, delayed class start time based on the finding that _____, the sleep hormone, is released approximately an hour later in older adolescents.

A recent study linked bed sharing with which of the following?

Which of the following is NOT associated with a lack of sleep in adolescents?

Six-month-old Ethan goes to day care, watches TV when his parents make dinner, and has already started eating solid food. These practices are likely to increase which problem for Ethan and his parents?

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor related to sudden infant death syndrome?

Tameka's newborn baby is awake for several hours during the night and often sleeps during the day. At what age will her child have likely established a pattern of sleeping mostly at night?

Which of the following is NOT true about sleep in adulthood?

Who is MOST likely to get up latest in the day?

Which of the following was a conclusion reached in the brain study of the Sisters of Notre Dame of Mankato?

Which of the following is recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics to reduce the risk of SIDS?

Lack of sleep in young children is linked with which of the following?

Which of the following is true regarding 6-month-old Cassidy's sleep pattern?

Which of the following has NOT been linked to shorter durations of infant sleep?

How much time can newborn Tyler's parents expect him to sleep?