Question 1

Peter is studying the relationship between physical activity and health. He is worried that older people may exercise less and have more health problems, so he only surveys people aged 18-25. In this study, age is a variable.

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Question 2

A(n) is a comprehensive and systematic explanation of events that lead to testable predictors.

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Question 3

If you wanted to study tuition fees in the ten provinces, this would be a(n) study.

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Question 4

Amina is researching political opinions on campus. She decides to use the attributes "liberal" and "conservative" to measure her variable. This process is called .

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Question 5

Correlation proves that one variable causes the other variable.

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Correlation does not necessarily prove causation, as there could be other factors at play. It simply shows a relationship between two variables.

Question 6

What research issues arise when comparing drug-related crime rates from different countries?

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Question 7

Participant observation increases the chances of the Hawthorne effect.

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Question 8

Describe how you would conduct research to study the relationship between music and suicide.

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Question 9

Discuss the relationship between research methods and the four sociological paradigms.

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Question 10

The mean cannot be calculated for qualitative data.

Accepted Answer

The mean is a measure of central tendency that is calculated by adding up all the values and dividing by the number of observations. It is only applicable for quantitative data where the values are numerical and can be added and averaged. Qualitative data, on the other hand, consists of non-numerical values such as categories or labels, which cannot be mathematically added or averaged. Therefore, the mean cannot be calculated for qualitative data.

Question 11

Evaluate Stanley Milgram's obedience study by using the three core principles in research ethics.

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Question 12

Ethical concerns are most likely to arise when deciding on a topic.

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Ethical concerns can arise at any stage of research, not just when deciding on a topic, but also during data collection, analysis, and publication.

Question 13

Discuss the similarities and differences in comparative studies, cross-sectional studies, and longitudinal studies.

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Question 14

Two researchers can look at the same data and come to different conclusions.

Accepted Answer

It is possible for researchers to interpret data differently based on their perspectives, biases, and analytical methods. This is why peer review and replication are important in scientific research to ensure the validity and reliability of findings.

Question 15

Large samples are always reliable.

Accepted Answer

While larger samples can provide more accurate estimates, they are not always reliable. The reliability of a sample depends on factors such as how it was collected, whether it is representative of the population, and the level of variability in the data. It is also possible for large samples to suffer from biases or errors that make them unreliable.

Question 16

Dependent variables are kept constant in experiments.

Accepted Answer

Dependent variables are not kept constant; they are observed or measured to see how they change in response to manipulations of the independent variable(s) in an experiment.

Question 17

Reliable means that you're actually measuring the thing you set out to measure in the first place.

Accepted Answer

Reliability refers to the consistency of a measure, not whether it measures what it is supposed to measure, which is referred to as validity.

Question 18

Symbolic interactionists prefer qualitative data.

Accepted Answer

Symbolic interactionists focus on understanding the subjective meanings and interpretations that individuals attach to their experiences and actions. Qualitative data, such as interviews, observations, and narratives, allow for a deep exploration of these meanings and interpretations, making it the preferred method of data collection for symbolic interactionists.

Question 19

Non-numerical data is qualitative data.

Accepted Answer

Non-numerical data refers to information that cannot be expressed in numerical form and is typically descriptive or categorical. This type of data is referred to as qualitative data, which includes attributes or characteristics of a particular entity or subject. Examples of qualitative data include colors, shapes, textures, attitudes, opinions, and preferences.

Question 20

Martin conducted surveys and also interviewed some participants in his research on internet use. Using multiple approaches is an example of .

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Quiz 2: Sociological Research