Question 1

The nurse is caring for an adult client with ASD.He indicates that he struggles with finding and maintaining employment.Which action by the nurse best addresses the client's needs?

Accepted Answer

Asking the client what his strengths are and identifying types of jobs based on those strengths is the best action by the nurse. This approach is individualized and takes into account the client's own abilities and preferences, rather than relying on external factors like state subsidies or connections to family members. Additionally, this approach empowers the client to take an active role in his own job search, which can increase motivation and confidence. Encouraging the client to seek opportunities that do not require communication with others (option D) may limit his job prospects unnecessarily, and suggesting that he work for a family member or friend (option B) may not be feasible or desirable for the client.

Question 2

A nurse is providing education to the caregiver of a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).Which commonly associated behavioral problem should be identified in this teaching?

Accepted Answer

A)Many children with a spectrum disorder have associated behavioral problems such as hyperactivity, aggressiveness, temper tantrums, and self-injurious behaviors like head banging. Problems with socialization and communication difficulties are also common, evidenced by deficits in spontaneous, imaginative play. These children typically have a restricted, repetitive repertoire of interests or behaviors, and therefore usually will not become depressed due to perceiving themselves as inadequate (although some children with high-functioning ASD may experience feelings of inadequacy). Many children with ASD will have difficulty adapting to change, so they will prefer structured environments and consistent schedules. These children also tend toward hyperactivity rather than hypoactivity, although this is not always the case.
B)Many children with a spectrum disorder have associated behavioral problems such as hyperactivity, aggressiveness, temper tantrums, and self-injurious behaviors like head banging. Problems with socialization and communication difficulties are also common, evidenced by deficits in spontaneous, imaginative play. These children typically have a restricted, repetitive repertoire of interests or behaviors, and therefore usually will not become depressed due to perceiving themselves as inadequate (although some children with high-functioning ASD may experience feelings of inadequacy). Many children with ASD will have difficulty adapting to change, so they will prefer structured environments and consistent schedules. These children also tend toward hyperactivity rather than hypoactivity, although this is not always the case.
C)Many children with a spectrum disorder have associated behavioral problems such as hyperactivity, aggressiveness, temper tantrums, and self-injurious behaviors like head banging. Problems with socialization and communication difficulties are also common, evidenced by deficits in spontaneous, imaginative play. These children typically have a restricted, repetitive repertoire of interests or behaviors, and therefore usually will not become depressed due to perceiving themselves as inadequate (although some children with high-functioning ASD may experience feelings of inadequacy). Many children with ASD will have difficulty adapting to change, so they will prefer structured environments and consistent schedules. These children also tend toward hyperactivity rather than hypoactivity, although this is not always the case.
D)Many children with a spectrum disorder have associated behavioral problems such as hyperactivity, aggressiveness, temper tantrums, and self-injurious behaviors like head banging. Problems with socialization and communication difficulties are also common, evidenced by deficits in spontaneous, imaginative play. These children typically have a restricted, repetitive repertoire of interests or behaviors, and therefore usually will not become depressed due to perceiving themselves as inadequate (although some children with high-functioning ASD may experience feelings of inadequacy). Many children with ASD will have difficulty adapting to change, so they will prefer structured environments and consistent schedules. These children also tend toward hyperactivity rather than hypoactivity, although this is not always the case.

Question 3

A nurse is caring for a child who has been diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).The client's healthcare provider has prescribed amphetamine-dextroamphetamine (Adderall)to treat the child's disorder.Which of the following statements regarding the use of this medication is appropriate for the nurse to include in the medication teaching?

Accepted Answer

Amphetamine-dextroamphetamine (Adderall) is a stimulant medication used to treat ADHD. It may decrease appetite and slow growth in children who take it, so it's important to monitor their growth while on the medication. Liver function monitoring is not typically necessary with Adderall, and while the medication may increase the risk of psychiatric side effects, including psychosis, this is not the most important consideration for medication teaching. Adderall is a stimulant medication and therefore has a high abuse potential.

Question 4

A parent of a high school student with high-functioning ASD asks whether the child will ever be able to work.Which response by the nurse is best?

Accepted Answer

It is important to provide the parent with accurate and positive information. Many adults with high-functioning ASD are capable of working, and there are job training programs available to assist them in finding and maintaining employment. It is important to focus on the individual's strengths and abilities, rather than assuming they will require ongoing support or be unable to work.

Question 5

A pediatric nurse is performing an assessment on a toddler who is suspected of having autism spectrum disorder (ASD).Which of the following questions to the parents would be least useful in gathering the information necessary to appropriately assess the toddler for this disorder?

Accepted Answer

The question about manic or depressed episodes is not relevant to assessing for ASD, as it relates more to mood disorders. The other questions are more pertinent to assessing for ASD, including social interactions, ritualistic behaviors, and language abilities.

Question 6

The nurse is caring for a 9-month-old client diagnosed with ataxic cerebral palsy (CP).Which of the following clinical manifestations does the nurse anticipate when assessing this client? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A)Hypotonia in infancy and muscle instability are seen in ataxic CP. Hemiplegia and hypertonia are seen in spastic CP. Tremors and exaggerated posturing are seen in dyskinetic CP. Hypertonia and persistent primitive reflexes are seen in spastic CP.
B)Hypotonia in infancy and muscle instability are seen in ataxic CP. Hemiplegia and hypertonia are seen in spastic CP. Tremors and exaggerated posturing are seen in dyskinetic CP. Hypertonia and persistent primitive reflexes are seen in spastic CP.
C)Hypotonia in infancy and muscle instability are seen in ataxic CP. Hemiplegia and hypertonia are seen in spastic CP. Tremors and exaggerated posturing are seen in dyskinetic CP. Hypertonia and persistent primitive reflexes are seen in spastic CP.
D)Hypotonia in infancy and muscle instability are seen in ataxic CP. Hemiplegia and hypertonia are seen in spastic CP. Tremors and exaggerated posturing are seen in dyskinetic CP. Hypertonia and persistent primitive reflexes are seen in spastic CP.
E)Hypotonia in infancy and muscle instability are seen in ataxic CP. Hemiplegia and hypertonia are seen in spastic CP. Tremors and exaggerated posturing are seen in dyskinetic CP. Hypertonia and persistent primitive reflexes are seen in spastic CP.

Question 7

Assuming approximately the same birth weight,level of prenatal care,and level of genetic predisposition,which of the following infants is least likely to develop ADHD during childhood?

Accepted Answer

Infants born at 38 weeks' gestation have a lower risk of developing ADHD compared to infants born at earlier gestational ages. Studies have shown that premature birth and low birth weight are risk factors for ADHD, and infants born at 35 and 34 weeks' gestation are considered moderately preterm and very preterm, respectively. Infants born at 36 weeks' gestation are still considered preterm but have a lower risk compared to those born at 35 or 34 weeks. Infants born at 38 weeks' gestation are considered full-term and have a lower risk of developing ADHD compared to preterm infants. However, it is important to note that there are many factors that can contribute to the development of ADHD and gestational age is just one of them.

Question 8

The nurse is caring for a child diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)who is being admitted to the hospital with dehydration.Which action by the nurse is appropriate when the child arrives to the care area?

Accepted Answer

Children with ASD often have difficulty with changes in routine, environment, and social interactions. Taking the child for a tour of the unit or to the playroom may cause overwhelming sensory stimulation and anxiety. Therefore, it is appropriate for the nurse to quietly orient the child to a single-bed hospital room to provide a calm and quiet environment, where the child can feel safe and secure. It is also important to ensure that the child is adequately hydrated and obtain a thorough medical history from the parents or caregivers to provide safe and effective care.

Question 9

A community health nurse is educating pregnant clients about the risk factors associated with the development of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Which statement will the nurse include in the educational session?

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown a link between prenatal exposure to cigarette smoke and ADHD. Option A is incorrect because some studies show that there may be a link between prenatal exposure to environmental toxins, infections, and other drugs with ADHD. Option B is incorrect because while there may be a genetic component to ADHD, genetic testing cannot currently diagnose it. Option D is incorrect because there is no evidence linking childhood exposure to folate with ADHD.

Question 10

Which clinical manifestation of ADHD is more commonly observed in school-aged girls than in school-aged boys?

Accepted Answer

Anxiety is more commonly observed in school-aged girls than in school-aged boys with ADHD. Boys with ADHD are more likely to exhibit hyperactivity and impulsivity, while girls with ADHD are more likely to exhibit inattentiveness and anxiety.

Question 11

An individual with ASD who demonstrates marked distress on switching activities (such as responding with loud verbalizations and behaviors that could result in self-harm)is demonstrating which level of clinical manifestations of the disorder?

Accepted Answer

Level III clinical manifestation involves marked distress including screaming or shouting, self-injurious behavior or temper tantrums when there is a change in a routine or ritual.

Question 12

The nurse is providing education to the parents of a child diagnosed with ASD.Which of the following healthcare professionals should the nurse tell the parents will take part in their child's care? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A)The goals of therapy are to facilitate communication, reduce rigidity, and treat maladaptive behaviors. To reach these goals, the child will be treated by a speech therapist, a play therapist, and social services. Laboratory technicians do not treat clients. A public health agency does not treat clients, although individuals who work there might.
B)The goals of therapy are to facilitate communication, reduce rigidity, and treat maladaptive behaviors. To reach these goals, the child will be treated by a speech therapist, a play therapist, and social services. Laboratory technicians do not treat clients. A public health agency does not treat clients, although individuals who work there might.
C)The goals of therapy are to facilitate communication, reduce rigidity, and treat maladaptive behaviors. To reach these goals, the child will be treated by a speech therapist, a play therapist, and social services. Laboratory technicians do not treat clients. A public health agency does not treat clients, although individuals who work there might.
D)The goals of therapy are to facilitate communication, reduce rigidity, and treat maladaptive behaviors. To reach these goals, the child will be treated by a speech therapist, a play therapist, and social services. Laboratory technicians do not treat clients. A public health agency does not treat clients, although individuals who work there might.
E)The goals of therapy are to facilitate communication, reduce rigidity, and treat maladaptive behaviors. To reach these goals, the child will be treated by a speech therapist, a play therapist, and social services. Laboratory technicians do not treat clients. A public health agency does not treat clients, although individuals who work there might.

Question 13

The parent of a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)asks why family therapy has been prescribed.Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

A)Parents of children with autism report more family problems, more marital problems, more depression, and more social isolation than parents of typically developing children or parents of children who are severely and persistently mentally ill. Family therapy will help them cope with the diagnosis through the problem-solving process. The other responses are important interventions for the child but are not the goal of family therapy.
B)Parents of children with autism report more family problems, more marital problems, more depression, and more social isolation than parents of typically developing children or parents of children who are severely and persistently mentally ill. Family therapy will help them cope with the diagnosis through the problem-solving process. The other responses are important interventions for the child but are not the goal of family therapy.
C)Parents of children with autism report more family problems, more marital problems, more depression, and more social isolation than parents of typically developing children or parents of children who are severely and persistently mentally ill. Family therapy will help them cope with the diagnosis through the problem-solving process. The other responses are important interventions for the child but are not the goal of family therapy.
D)Parents of children with autism report more family problems, more marital problems, more depression, and more social isolation than parents of typically developing children or parents of children who are severely and persistently mentally ill. Family therapy will help them cope with the diagnosis through the problem-solving process. The other responses are important interventions for the child but are not the goal of family therapy.

Question 14

The nurse is caring for a child newly diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).Which of the following is the most appropriate overall outcome for this child?

Accepted Answer

The most appropriate overall outcome for a child newly diagnosed with ASD is to function more effectively in social and emotional interactions. This is because social and emotional deficits are hallmarks of ASD, and improving social and emotional functioning can greatly improve quality of life for individuals with ASD. While staying on task, acknowledging personal behavior, and acknowledging personal strengths are all important goals for individuals with ASD, they are not overarching outcomes that address the core symptoms of the disorder.

Question 15

A nurse is completing a psychosocial assessment of an adult client.Which finding is most consistent with an adult who has ADHD?

Accepted Answer

A)Chemical dependence and participation in risky behaviors are common in adults with ADHD. Personal and social relationships tend to be difficult for adults with ADHD, so it is unlikely he would enjoy socializing with others. In addition, adults with ADHD tend to struggle in the workplace. Finally, tiredness, listlessness, and inability to complete care tasks would be indicative of depression, not ADHD.
B)Chemical dependence and participation in risky behaviors are common in adults with ADHD. Personal and social relationships tend to be difficult for adults with ADHD, so it is unlikely he would enjoy socializing with others. In addition, adults with ADHD tend to struggle in the workplace. Finally, tiredness, listlessness, and inability to complete care tasks would be indicative of depression, not ADHD.
C)Chemical dependence and participation in risky behaviors are common in adults with ADHD. Personal and social relationships tend to be difficult for adults with ADHD, so it is unlikely he would enjoy socializing with others. In addition, adults with ADHD tend to struggle in the workplace. Finally, tiredness, listlessness, and inability to complete care tasks would be indicative of depression, not ADHD.
D)Chemical dependence and participation in risky behaviors are common in adults with ADHD. Personal and social relationships tend to be difficult for adults with ADHD, so it is unlikely he would enjoy socializing with others. In addition, adults with ADHD tend to struggle in the workplace. Finally, tiredness, listlessness, and inability to complete care tasks would be indicative of depression, not ADHD.

Question 16

A nurse is assessing a child who shows marked abnormalities in speech patterns.These includes using you in place of I,parroting words and phrases,and repeating questions rather than answering them.The nurse should recognize that these are characteristic of which condition?

Accepted Answer

The marked abnormalities in speech patterns described in the question are characteristic of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). People with ASD can struggle with social interaction and communication, which can manifest in a variety of ways, including using you in place of I, parroting words and phrases, and repeating questions rather than answering them. Cerebral palsy may involve difficulties with movement and posture, but it is not typically associated with communication deficits. ADHD may involve impulsivity, hyperactivity, and difficulty focusing, but it does not typically involve the speech patterns described in the question. Failure to thrive refers to inadequate weight gain or growth in infants and is not related to communication or speech patterns.

Question 17

Which should the nurse identify as risk factors for a pregnant client having a baby with autism? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A)Determining risk for autism is difficult; however, some factors appear to be linked. A maternal age of 40 or older increases the risk that a child will be born with autism. Maternal smoking or the use of alcohol during pregnancy also increases rates of autism. Employment status and exercise level are not risk factors for the development of autism.
B)Determining risk for autism is difficult; however, some factors appear to be linked. A maternal age of 40 or older increases the risk that a child will be born with autism. Maternal smoking or the use of alcohol during pregnancy also increases rates of autism. Employment status and exercise level are not risk factors for the development of autism.
C)Determining risk for autism is difficult; however, some factors appear to be linked. A maternal age of 40 or older increases the risk that a child will be born with autism. Maternal smoking or the use of alcohol during pregnancy also increases rates of autism. Employment status and exercise level are not risk factors for the development of autism.
D)Determining risk for autism is difficult; however, some factors appear to be linked. A maternal age of 40 or older increases the risk that a child will be born with autism. Maternal smoking or the use of alcohol during pregnancy also increases rates of autism. Employment status and exercise level are not risk factors for the development of autism.
E)Determining risk for autism is difficult; however, some factors appear to be linked. A maternal age of 40 or older increases the risk that a child will be born with autism. Maternal smoking or the use of alcohol during pregnancy also increases rates of autism. Employment status and exercise level are not risk factors for the development of autism.

Question 18

The parents of a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)observe that the child has difficulty making friends and are concerned about social expectations for their child.Which of the following is the priority diagnosis for this child based on the parents' concern?

Accepted Answer

Impaired Social Interaction is the priority diagnosis for this child based on the parents' concern about the child's difficulty making friends and their concern about social expectations. This diagnosis reflects the core symptoms of ASD, which include deficits in social interaction and communication. It is important to address this impairment in order to promote social and emotional development, as well as to help the child navigate social situations and develop meaningful relationships with peers.

Question 19

The nurse is providing teaching to a client who is concerned about giving birth to a child with cerebral palsy.Which would the nurse include as risk factors for the condition? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Severe jaundice following birth, infection and fever during pregnancy, and preterm labor are all known risk factors for cerebral palsy. Cesarean delivery and birth weight of 9 pounds or above are not considered risk factors.

Question 20

A community health nurse is teaching a group of women about the dangers of smoking.Which of the following child health problems should the nurse mention as associated with smoking during pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Smoking during pregnancy has been linked to an increased risk of ADHD in children. It is not associated with benzodiazepine withdrawal, vision impairment, or personality disorders.

Quiz 25: Development

The nurse is caring for an adult client with ASD.He indicates that he struggles with finding and maintaining employment.Which action by the nurse best addresses the client's needs?

A nurse is providing education to the caregiver of a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) .Which commonly associated behavioral problem should be identified in this teaching?

A parent of a high school student with high-functioning ASD asks whether the child will ever be able to work.Which response by the nurse is best?

A pediatric nurse is performing an assessment on a toddler who is suspected of having autism spectrum disorder (ASD) .Which of the following questions to the parents would be least useful in gathering the information necessary to appropriately assess the toddler for this disorder?

The nurse is caring for a 9-month-old client diagnosed with ataxic cerebral palsy (CP) .Which of the following clinical manifestations does the nurse anticipate when assessing this client? Select all that apply.

Assuming approximately the same birth weight,level of prenatal care,and level of genetic predisposition,which of the following infants is least likely to develop ADHD during childhood?

The nurse is caring for a child diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who is being admitted to the hospital with dehydration.Which action by the nurse is appropriate when the child arrives to the care area?

A community health nurse is educating pregnant clients about the risk factors associated with the development of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) .Which statement will the nurse include in the educational session?

Which clinical manifestation of ADHD is more commonly observed in school-aged girls than in school-aged boys?

An individual with ASD who demonstrates marked distress on switching activities (such as responding with loud verbalizations and behaviors that could result in self-harm) is demonstrating which level of clinical manifestations of the disorder?

The nurse is providing education to the parents of a child diagnosed with ASD.Which of the following healthcare professionals should the nurse tell the parents will take part in their child's care? Select all that apply.

The parent of a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) asks why family therapy has been prescribed.Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?

The nurse is caring for a child newly diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) .Which of the following is the most appropriate overall outcome for this child?

A nurse is completing a psychosocial assessment of an adult client.Which finding is most consistent with an adult who has ADHD?

A nurse is assessing a child who shows marked abnormalities in speech patterns.These includes using you in place of I,parroting words and phrases,and repeating questions rather than answering them.The nurse should recognize that these are characteristic of which condition?

Which should the nurse identify as risk factors for a pregnant client having a baby with autism? Select all that apply.

The parents of a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) observe that the child has difficulty making friends and are concerned about social expectations for their child.Which of the following is the priority diagnosis for this child based on the parents' concern?

The nurse is providing teaching to a client who is concerned about giving birth to a child with cerebral palsy.Which would the nurse include as risk factors for the condition? Select all that apply.

A community health nurse is teaching a group of women about the dangers of smoking.Which of the following child health problems should the nurse mention as associated with smoking during pregnancy?