Question 1

Leadership is the inner state that causes an individual to behave in a way that ensures the accomplishment of some goal.

Accepted Answer

Leadership is not just an inner state; it involves actions, influence, and the ability to guide others toward achieving a common goal. It encompasses both the internal qualities of the leader and their external actions and behaviors.

Question 2

According to equity theory,the only way people react when treated unfairly at work is seeking employment elsewhere.

Accepted Answer

Equity theory suggests that individuals seek to maintain a balance between their inputs and outputs in a relationship. When treated unfairly at work, seeking employment elsewhere is just one of several potential reactions; others may include reducing effort, asking for a raise, or trying to change the perceived fairness.

Question 3

________ is an explanation of motivation that emphasizes how individuals are motivated.

Accepted Answer

Process theories of motivation focus on the psychological and behavioral processes that influence individuals' motivation, explaining how motivation occurs.

Question 4

Which one of the following is a process theory of motivation?

Accepted Answer

Porter-Lawler theory is a process theory of motivation, focusing on the internal cognitive processes that influence individuals' behavioral choices. It emphasizes the relationship between job satisfaction, performance, and rewards, unlike the content theories (B, C, D) that identify what motivates individuals.

Question 5

Content theories of motivation ________.

Accepted Answer

Content theories of motivation focus on identifying and understanding people's internal needs and drives, which influence their behavior.

Question 6

The difference between needs-goal theory and Vroom's expectancy theory is that Vroom's theory ________.

Accepted Answer

Vroom's expectancy theory addresses the issue of motivation strength by focusing on how individuals' expectations about their ability to perform tasks and the expected outcomes influence their motivation to engage in behaviors. It does not primarily deal with issues of equity, separate motivators into intrinsic and extrinsic rewards, establish a hierarchy of needs, or discuss how needs are "acquired," which differentiates it from other theories such as Maslow's hierarchy of needs or Herzberg's two-factor theory.

Question 7

The theory which emphasizes the fact that the perceived value of a reward is determined by both intrinsic and extrinsic rewards is ________.

Accepted Answer

The Porter-Lawler theory of motivation suggests that the value of a reward is determined by both intrinsic (internal satisfaction) and extrinsic (external rewards such as pay) factors. This theory integrates the importance of both types of rewards in motivating individuals.

Question 8

________ rewards are those that come directly from performing a task.

Accepted Answer

Intrinsic rewards are the personal satisfaction and enjoyment felt when performing a task, coming directly from the act of doing the task itself, unlike extrinsic rewards which are external to the task.

Question 9

Which one of the following is an example of an intrinsic reward?

Accepted Answer

Intrinsic rewards are internal to the individual and are typically derived from the work itself or the outcomes thereof. A sense of achievement when attaining an organizational goal is an example of an intrinsic reward because it comes from the satisfaction and pride in one's accomplishments, not from external rewards like money or other tangible benefits.

Question 10

The theory based on the concept that individuals compare their inputs and outcomes with their coworkers to determine if they are being treated fairly is the ________.

Accepted Answer

The equity theory of motivation, proposed by John Stacey Adams, is based on the principle that individuals assess the fairness of their treatment in the workplace by comparing their own input (such as effort, skill level, and enthusiasm) and outcome (such as salary, benefits, and recognition) ratios to those of their coworkers.

Question 11

The most fundamental motivation theory that begins with an individual feeling a need is ________.

Accepted Answer

Needs-goal theory is the most fundamental motivation theory that starts with an individual feeling a need, which then motivates them to engage in behaviors to achieve a goal that will satisfy that need.

Question 12

Define motivation and the two basic types of motivation theories.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define motivation and the two basic types...

Question 13

According to the Vroom expectancy theory,motivation strength ________.

Accepted Answer

Vroom's expectancy theory suggests that motivation strength is determined by the perceived value of the result of performing a behavior (valence) and the perceived probability (expectancy) that the behavior will cause the result to materialize.

Question 14

List the process theories of motivation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List the process theories of motivation....

Question 15

A process theory of motivation is an explanation of motivation that emphasizes people's personality and characteristics.

Accepted Answer

A process theory of motivation focuses on the psychological and cognitive processes that affect people's motivation and behavior, rather than their personality and characteristics.

Question 16

________ is the inner state that causes an individual to behave in a way that ensures the accomplishment of some goal.

Accepted Answer

Motivation is the inner state that drives individuals to act in a way that accomplishes goals. It is the psychological force that compels someone to move towards a desired outcome.

Question 17

Which one of the following is an example of an extrinsic reward?

Accepted Answer

An extrinsic reward is something external given to someone as recognition for his or her work or behavior, such as money, gifts, or other tangible rewards. A salary increase is a classic example of an extrinsic reward, as it is an external reward given for performance or achievement at work.

Question 18

Many perceive the Equity Theory as a dangerous theory and one that management absolutely must understand.What is the theory's guiding premise and why is it that management needs to be very focused on the principles of this motivation theory?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Many perceive the Equity Theory as a...

Question 19

Which one of the following theories describes how motivation occurs?

Accepted Answer

Vroom's expectancy theory specifically describes how motivation occurs by explaining the process individuals go through to make choices based on expected outcomes.

Question 20

Joe is disappointed when his teammate Tim gets promoted because he feels that he has worked harder and is more deserving of the promotion.Which one of the following actions will Joe most likely take to overcome this sense of inequity?

Accepted Answer

When individuals perceive inequity, they might reduce their level of effort to balance the perceived inequity between their inputs and outcomes compared to others.

Quiz 16: Motivation