Question 1

Which of the following theories pushes community health nurses to consider the web-like influences at play in any situation and the interrelationships among multiple agents in the system?

Accepted Answer

Complexity science theory emphasizes the interconnectedness and interdependencies of various elements in a system or situation. This theory encourages community health nurses to consider the web-like influences at play and the interrelationships among multiple agents in the system, which is relevant in community health nursing where a number of factors can influence the health and wellbeing of individuals and communities.

Question 2

Community health nurses use theories to inform their practice. Which of the following statements is true about the use of theories:

Accepted Answer

Community health nurses often use theories from other disciplines, such as sociology, psychology, public health, and environmental health, to inform their practice. While community health nursing theories are important, they are not the only theories used by community health nurses. Theories from other disciplines can provide valuable insight into the social, cultural, and environmental determinants of health that impact the communities in which community health nurses work. Theories from medical science may also be used by community health nurses, but they are not the only source of theoretical knowledge used by these professionals.

Question 3

Emily is a community health nurse that needs to address the underlying power differentials and social inequities at a meat packing plant that hires a large portion of immigrant people. Which type of theory should Emily consider using to guide her practice?

Accepted Answer

Critical social theory is focused on addressing power differentials and social inequities. Emily's need to address these issues at the meat packing plant makes this theory the best choice for guiding her practice. Integrative theory may be helpful for understanding the various factors influencing immigrant health, but it does not prioritize addressing power differentials and social inequities. Immigrant health promotion theory is useful for designing health promotion interventions, but it does not address power differentials and social inequities. Intersectionality theory is focused on identities and multiple intersecting forms of oppression, but may not fully address the systemic power differentials and social inequities at the meat packing plant.

Question 4

An important philosophical value in community health nursing is to promote the common good. This means that:

Accepted Answer

Promoting the common good in community health nursing means making decisions that benefit the entire community as a whole based on shared human interests, rather than just prioritizing the interests of individuals or those with specialized knowledge. It is important to consider the needs of all members of the community, particularly those who are most at risk, in order to improve the overall health and well-being of the community as a whole.

Question 5

When community health nurses work with vulnerable families living in poverty, it is especially important to develop a trusting and respectful relationship with them. It is important to understand how personal, interpersonal, and contextual elements shape people's experiences. What middle range theory listed below is best suited for such situations?

Accepted Answer

Relational inquiry is the most suited middle range theory for working with vulnerable families living in poverty, as it emphasizes understanding the complexity of people's lives, including personal, interpersonal, and contextual elements, and focuses on developing trusting and respectful relationships.

Question 6

Which type of theories are the least complex, contain fewer concepts, and refer to specific, well-defined phenomena?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which type of theories are the least...

Question 7

Sameera, a community health nurse, is working in a low-income neighbourhood. In order to assess the health status of the neighbourhood, she gathers information about the interplay among the community and the social, institutional, and cultural context of people-environment relations. What theory is Sameera using to guide her community health nursing practice?

Accepted Answer

Sameera is using social ecological theory to guide her community health nursing practice. This theory examines the interplay between individuals, their social and cultural context, and the physical environment to understand health status and outcomes. It emphasizes the importance of addressing multiple levels of influence in order to promote health and prevent disease. Option A, B, and C are not relevant to the scenario.

Question 8

Susan is a public health nurse who engages in home visits with new mothers who are at risk of poor parenting practices. Susan works with her clients to build trusting relationships. To increase the effectiveness of home visiting and to establish a connected relationship, which theory guides Susan to understand mothers' perspectives as they build trust together?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Susan is a public health nurse who...

Question 9

Orem's (1985) Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory is best used in which type of community health nursing practice?

Accepted Answer

Orem's theory focuses on teaching individuals and families how to care for themselves to maintain or restore their health. Therefore, it is best used in a community health nursing practice working with families.

Question 10

What type of knowledge represents the most abstract level of knowledge, identifies the phenomenon of central concern to a discipline, and describes concepts and the relationships among them?

Accepted Answer

Metaparadigms represent the most abstract level of knowledge and identify the broad phenomenon of central concern to a discipline, as well as the concepts and relationships among them. Conceptual frameworks organize and structure the concepts within a metaparadigm, grand theories are explanations for phenomena within a metaparadigm, and philosophies involve the beliefs and values that shape a discipline's understanding of the metaparadigm.

Question 11

What term is used to describe an organized, coherent, and systematic articulation of a set of statements related to significant questions in a discipline?

Accepted Answer

A theory is a set of significant statements related to questions in a particular discipline that is organized, coherent, and systematic. A framework is a structure for organizing and understanding ideas, concepts, and information. A model is a simplified representation of a complex system or phenomenon. A philosophy is a set of beliefs and values that guide an individual's actions and understanding of the world.

Question 12

What term is used to describe the capacity of a community health nurse to recognize social and political problems of injustice or inequity, to realize that things could be different, and to piece together complex elements of experience and context to change a situation?

Accepted Answer

The term used to describe the capacity of a community health nurse to recognize social and political problems of injustice or inequity, to realize that things could be different, and to piece together complex elements of experience and context to change a situation is emancipatory knowing. Empirical knowing refers to knowledge gained through observation and experience, aesthetic knowing refers to the perception of art and beauty, and ethical knowing refers to the understanding of ethical principles and values.

Question 13

Stephanie is using the supportive care model for end of life care of a client in home care. Which Canadian Community Health Nursing Standard of Practice does this model align with?

Accepted Answer

The supportive care model focuses on addressing physical, psychological, social, and spiritual needs of clients with life-limiting illnesses in order to provide comfort and improve quality of life. This aligns with the Canadian Community Health Nursing Standard of Practice for Health maintenance, restoration, and palliation, which emphasizes the importance of managing symptoms, promoting comfort, and maximizing function for clients with chronic or life-limiting conditions.

Question 14

Carper (1978) identified four fundamental patterns of knowing in nursing. Which of the following is a correct representation of Carper's patterns of knowing?

Accepted Answer

Carper's patterns of knowing in nursing include aesthetic knowing (appreciation of aesthetics and subjective experiences), personal knowing (self-understanding and understanding of others), ethical knowing (moral and ethical considerations), and empirical knowing (scientific and factual knowledge). Option B is partially correct but misses the aesthetic pattern. Option C is incorrect as it includes legal knowing instead of personal knowing. Option D is incorrect as it includes surface knowing instead of aesthetic knowing.

Question 15

Over the past three decades, many nurses have expressed a concern about the lack of theory development in community health nursing. Why is this such a significant concern?

Accepted Answer

Community health nursing places an emphasis on health promotion and disease prevention within the community, rather than just treating individuals who are ill. However, many nursing theories were developed to focus on individual illness and may not be well-suited for community settings. Without theory development specific to community health nursing, nurses may struggle to develop effective interventions and approaches to improving population health.

Question 16

George is working with the Bearskin Lake First Nation in Northern Ontario. He considers the historical influences have shaped the present context of the health of the community. What theoretical perspective is guiding George's community health nursing practice?

Accepted Answer

George's consideration of historical influences on the current context of the health of the community is aligned with postcolonial theory, which examines how historical processes of colonization and ongoing power imbalances continue to impact Indigenous communities' health and well-being. Reservist theory, feminist theory, and historical theory do not specifically address the impact of colonization on Indigenous health.

Question 17

Scott is a community health nurse working with the homeless population. He uses a model that has two dimensions: (1) the client system and (2) the focus of care. Scott realizes that working with this population will entail health promotion, the prevention of illness, disease, and injury as well as illness care. Which model will best serve Scott in his nursing practice?

Accepted Answer

The integrative model for community health nursing includes both health promotion and illness care, and recognizes the client system (in this case, the homeless population) as the focus of care. This model supports the holistic approach that Scott will likely use in caring for this population, as well as the need for collaboration with other healthcare providers and community resources. The other models listed may not provide as comprehensive a framework for addressing the needs of the homeless population.

Question 18

Kenya is a community health nurse working with homeless teenagers in an inner-city community. As part of her nursing practice, Kenya helps her clients to identify the positive things in their lives, the things that are working well, and uses clients' strengths to help them deal with problems. Which middle range theory is Kenya using?

Accepted Answer

Kenya is using the strengths-based theory which focuses on identifying and utilizing clients' strengths and resources to help them cope with problems and improve their overall well-being.

Question 19

Sunil, a community health nurse, has brought a team of community stakeholders together. On a white board, Sunil identifies various issues in the community. They discuss and organize the issues according to the determinants of health. The team identifies potential community-level interventions for the issues. By engaging in this process, the team of stakeholders is developing a:

Accepted Answer

By identifying various issues in the community, organizing them according to the determinants of health, and identifying potential community-level interventions, Sunil and the team of stakeholders are developing a conceptual framework. This framework will guide their approach to addressing the health issues in the community. The process does not involve developing a theory, philosophy or metaparadigm.

Question 20

Takeshi is a community health nurse who is working with children who sustained playground injuries and their families. In order to build rapport with the families in the community, Takeshi is authentically present and works together with the families to seek creative solutions to prevent further injuries. Takeshi shows her clients respect, compassion, and dignity. What adjective best describes Takeshi's community health nursing practice?

Accepted Answer

Takeshi's practice exemplifies caring, as it involves building rapport, working collaboratively, and showing respect and compassion towards clients. Trusting could also be a possible adjective to describe Takeshi's nursing practice, as trust is essential to building effective relationships with clients. Understanding is too broad and general of an adjective, and sympathy alone does not capture the collaborative and respectful nature of Takeshi's practice.

Quiz 7: Theoretical Foundations of Community Health Nursing