Question 1

Identity theft is defined as the use of public information by a relative to commit some type of fraud.

Accepted Answer

Identity theft involves the unauthorized use of someone else's personal information (not necessarily public or by a relative) to commit fraud or other crimes.

Question 2

As of 2009, all states had some form of hate crime legislation.

Accepted Answer

As of 2009, not all U.S. states had enacted hate crime legislation; some states had yet to implement such laws.

Question 3

Victims of human trafficking are not likely to experience a variety of traumatic events.

Accepted Answer

Victims of human trafficking often experience a wide range of traumatic events, including physical and sexual abuse, forced labor, and psychological manipulation, which can have long-lasting effects on their mental and physical health.

Question 4

According to the statistics compiled by the FBI, in 2016, ______ people were victims of hate crimes in the United States.

Accepted Answer

In 2016, the FBI reported that 7,615 people were victims of hate crimes in the United States.

Question 5

It was not until the 1980s that hate crime victimization received widespread formal attention from the criminal justice system and the media.

Accepted Answer

Prior to the 1980s, hate crimes were not widely recognized or specifically addressed by law enforcement or the media. It was during the 1980s that these issues began to receive formal attention, leading to the development of specific laws and reporting mechanisms.

Question 6

Hate crime victimization may be a response to perceived threat, such as ______.

Accepted Answer

Hate crime victimization can be a response to perceived threats of various kinds, including violations of territory or property, what is considered sacred, and status. These perceived violations can trigger hate crimes as retaliatory or punitive actions against individuals or groups believed to be responsible for the violations.

Question 7

Persons who are between the ages of ______ have higher hate crime victimization rates than persons who are 25-34 and older age-groups.

Accepted Answer

Persons who are between the ages of 12 and 17 have higher hate crime victimization rates compared to older age groups, reflecting a vulnerability among younger individuals.

Question 8

The Church Arson Prevention Act of 1996 prohibits damage to religious property because of religious, racial, or ethnic characteristics.

Accepted Answer

The Church Arson Prevention Act of 1996 was enacted to address the burning of churches across the United States and prohibits intentionally damaging any religious property or obstructing a person's free exercise of religious beliefs, particularly because of the race, color, or ethnic characteristics of any individual associated with that property.

Question 9

Victims of involuntary domestic servitude are enslaved to work off a debt.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Victims of involuntary domestic servitude are enslaved...

Question 10

To the extent that people identify with the victim, they may also experience primary victimization whereby they suffer similar psychological consequences to those of the direct victim.

Accepted Answer

Primary victimization refers to the direct impact and harm experienced by the individual who was actually targeted by a crime or harmful act, not to those who identify with the victim. Those who identify with the victim may experience secondary or vicarious victimization, which can include psychological consequences, but it is not considered primary victimization.

Question 11

Gay men, lesbians, bisexuals, and persons who have had same-sex partners and who have been violently victimized are not likely to experience PTSD in response to the experience as are people in the general population.

Accepted Answer

Gay men, lesbians, bisexuals, and persons who have had same-sex partners and who have been violently victimized are just as likely, if not more likely, to experience PTSD in response to their experiences as are people in the general population, due to the added stressors of stigma and discrimination.

Question 12

The majority of human trafficking cases investigated by the Human Trafficking Reporting system were forced labor incidents.

Accepted Answer

The majority of human trafficking cases investigated tend to be related to sex trafficking rather than forced labor incidents.

Question 13

Most people who were victims of terrorism in 2009 were Christian.

Accepted Answer

Most victims of terrorism in 2009 were in countries with majority Muslim populations, indicating that Muslims were more likely to be victims of terrorism during that period.

Question 14

Hate crimes accounted for ______ of all violent victimizations recorded in the NCVS.

Accepted Answer

Hate crimes account for a relatively small percentage of all violent victimizations, with the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) indicating that they constitute about 1%.

Question 15

According to the UCR, sexual orientation is the third largest category of hate crimes.

Accepted Answer

According to the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program's data, after race/ethnicity/ancestry and religion, sexual orientation represents the third largest category of hate crime incidents.

Question 16

When a hate crime victimization occurs, especially if it is made public, others in the community who share characteristics of the victim may not become fearful that they will also become a target.

Accepted Answer

When a hate crime victimization occurs and is made public, it often instills fear in others within the community who share characteristics with the victim, as they may worry they could also become targets. This phenomenon is known as vicarious victimization, where the impact of the crime extends beyond the immediate victim to others in the community.

Question 17

Russia supplies most of the women and girls who are trafficked for sex.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Russia supplies most of the women and...

Question 18

There are often physical consequences associated with hate crime victimization.

Accepted Answer

Victims of hate crimes often experience physical consequences, including injuries from assaults, which can range from minor to severe.

Question 19

In 2009, the majority of hate crimes were crimes against persons (or violent crimes).

Accepted Answer

According to the FBI's 2009 Hate Crime Statistics, the majority of hate crimes were indeed crimes against persons, which include offenses like intimidation, assault, murder, and rape.

Question 20

About ______ of gay, lesbian, and bisexual individuals have experienced a victimization based on their sexual orientation during their adult life.

Accepted Answer

The answer of About ______ of gay, lesbian, and bisexual...

Quiz 13: Contemporary Issues in Victimology: Victims of Hate Crimes, Human Trafficking, Terrorism, and Identity Theft