Question 1

Drugs with an alkaline pH are best absorbed in the ____.

Accepted Answer

Drugs with an alkaline pH are better absorbed in the small intestine due to its alkaline environment, which allows for better solubility and absorption of these drugs compared to the acidic environment of the stomach.

Question 2

Inserting normal genes into a human chromosome is defined as _______.

Accepted Answer

Gene therapy involves inserting normal genes into a person's cells to correct genetic disorders, replace defective or missing genes, and potentially treat various diseases.

Question 3

Ozzie's doctor tells him not to take his tetracycline with dairy products because the calcium in the dairy products will form an insoluble complex with the tetracycline.What is this process called?

Accepted Answer

Chelation is the process where ions and molecules bind to metal ions, forming a complex. In the context of tetracycline and calcium, the tetracycline binds with the calcium ions, forming an insoluble complex, which inhibits the absorption of the antibiotic in the body.

Question 4

You are reading about the treatment of cardiovascular disease and learn that some medications are more effective in African Americans than persons of other races.The study of why medications vary in effectiveness among groups is known as ____.

Accepted Answer

Pharmacogenomics is the study of how genes affect a person's response to drugs. This field combines pharmacology (the science of drugs) and genomics (the study of genes and their functions) to develop effective, safe medications and doses that will be tailored to a person's genetic makeup. This explains why some medications may work more effectively in certain racial or ethnic groups due to genetic variations.

Question 5

Zach normally takes an antianxiety medication and, after he has his wisdom teeth pulled, takes a narcotic pain medication as well.He suddenly finds himself very drowsy and disoriented.This is an example of ____.

Accepted Answer

This is an example of synergism, where two drugs interact to produce a combined effect greater than the sum of their separate effects. In this case, the antianxiety medication and the narcotic pain medication together cause increased drowsiness and disorientation beyond what either would cause on its own.

Question 6

Why are persons with liver failure particularly prone to experiencing the toxic effects of medications?

Accepted Answer

The liver is responsible for metabolizing many medications. In liver failure, this function is impaired, leading to increased risk of toxicity.

Question 7

A decreased response to a drug that develops after repeated doses are given is _______.

Accepted Answer

Tolerance is the phenomenon where repeated exposure to a drug results in a diminished effect, requiring higher doses to achieve the same effect.

Question 8

A patient is complaining the new drug they started is not working at all.The patient also mentions "they told me it was a useless drug when they gave me the prescription in the office." What effect could be decreasing the patient's response to the drug?

Accepted Answer

The placebo effect refers to a person's psychological belief in the effectiveness of a treatment affecting their physical response to it. If the patient was told the drug was useless, their belief in its ineffectiveness could diminish its actual effectiveness, demonstrating the placebo effect in reverse.

Question 9

Signs of anaphylactic reaction are _____

Accepted Answer

All of the options listed (itching and urticaria, vascular collapse and shock, cyanosis, laryngeal edema, and dyspnea) are signs of an anaphylactic reaction, which is a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that can occur rapidly.

Question 10

Your friend is given an antianxiety medication before a medical procedure.Rather than relaxing, however, your friend becomes agitated and starts shouting at people.This type of reaction is known as a(n) ____.

Accepted Answer

This type of unexpected reaction to a medication, where the effect is opposite to what is anticipated (in this case, agitation instead of relaxation from an antianxiety medication), is known as a paradoxical reaction.

Question 11

Chemoinformatics refers to ________.

Accepted Answer

Chemoinformatics involves the application of computer technology, statistics, and mathematics to study the structure, properties, and activities of molecules, making option C the correct answer.

Question 12

Signs of hypersensitivity are ________.

Accepted Answer

Rash or urticaria are common signs of hypersensitivity reactions, which are allergic responses.

Question 13

Recombinant DNA technology is used to produce which of the following medications _____.

Accepted Answer

Recombinant DNA technology is used to produce all of the listed medications: hepatitis B vaccine, insulin, and human growth hormone, by inserting genes encoding these substances into bacteria or yeast cells, which then produce them.

Question 14

A unique, unusual response to a drug in a given patient is called _______.

Accepted Answer

Idiosyncrasy refers to an unusual or abnormal reaction to a drug that is specific to an individual and not predictable based on the drug's known effects or the patient's physiological condition.

Question 15

Will visits the emergency room because of a badly broken leg.He is given a narcotic pain killer, but quickly becomes extremely dizzy and disoriented, and vomits.Will is then given another medication, naloxone, and soon begins to feel better.The effect of naloxone on the narcotic pain killer is known as ____.

Accepted Answer

Naloxone is an opioid antagonist, meaning it blocks or reverses the effects of opioid medication, including extreme drowsiness, slowed breathing, or loss of consciousness.

Question 16

Genetic engineering refers to _________.

Accepted Answer

Genetic engineering involves manipulating an organism's genes in a laboratory setting, which can include adding, removing, or modifying genetic material to achieve desired traits or outcomes.

Question 17

An acquired need for a drug that may produce psychological and/or physical symptoms of withdrawal when the drug is discontinued is called _______.

Accepted Answer

Dependence is the correct term for an acquired need for a drug that can lead to psychological and/or physical withdrawal symptoms when the drug use is stopped. Tolerance refers to needing more of a drug to achieve the same effect, idiosyncrasy is an unusual or abnormal reaction to a drug, and paradoxical refers to an effect of a drug that is opposite to the expected.

Question 18

A severe, possibly fatal, allergic response is called _______.

Accepted Answer

An anaphylactic reaction is a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic response that can occur rapidly after exposure to an allergen.

Question 19

Your cousin is started on medication after being diagnosed with epilepsy.Because he experiences seizures quite often, he starts with a very large dose of the anticonvulsant to elevate the levels of the drug in his blood as quickly as possible.This initial, large dose is known as a(n) ____.

Accepted Answer

The initial, large dose given to quickly elevate the levels of a drug in the blood to therapeutic levels is known as a loading dose. This approach is often used in conditions requiring rapid achievement of drug concentration, such as in the management of seizures in epilepsy.

Question 20

An immune response to a drug that may be of varying degrees is ______.

Accepted Answer

Hypersensitivity refers to an exaggerated or inappropriate immune response to a drug or other substance, which can vary in severity. This term accurately describes an immune response to a drug that may be of varying degrees.

Quiz 3: Sources and Bodily Effects of Drugs