Question 1

Outline the various accommodations that have been made for children and how the courts have justified them.

Accepted Answer

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Question 2

One reason why adult hearsay witness testimony may be perceived differently from that of a child is that:

Accepted Answer

Adults are often perceived as more confident in their testimony, which can affect how their statements are received compared to those of children. Confidence in delivery can influence the credibility attributed by jurors or judges.

Question 3

Which statement about the accommodations made for children testifying in court is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

The judge has the authority to close the courtroom to both the media and the public to protect the child's privacy and ensure a less intimidating environment. This measure is not limited to excluding only the media.

Question 4

Results of research by Ross and Lindsay on how potential jurors might be impacted by children testifying through alterative means found that:

Accepted Answer

Ross and Lindsay's research found that there were no significant differences in jurors' assessments of guilt between traditional in-court testimony and alternative forms of testimony, such as closed-circuit TV or behind a screen. This suggests that the method of testimony (traditional vs. alternative) did not influence jurors' perceptions of guilt.

Question 5

In R. v. Milot, the court held that:

Accepted Answer

The court held that the need to protect the child victim from harm outweighed the defendant's right to confront his accuser.

Question 6

Elizabeth Loftus, well known for her research on false memories, created a memory in participants of being lost within a mall. Of the participants in the experiment, _____ percent remembered most or all of the implanted event.

Accepted Answer

25 percent of the participants in Elizabeth Loftus' experiment remembered most or all of the implanted event of being lost in a mall, demonstrating the malleability of human memory and how susceptible it is to suggestion and misinformation.

Question 7

Overall, research suggests that false memories of mildly traumatic events like an outdoor accident or attack by an animal could be implanted in about _____ percent of people tested.

Accepted Answer

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Question 8

Which is NOT one of the explanations commonly given for forgetting sexual abuse?

Accepted Answer

Threats of physical harm or legal repercussions are not typically cited as reasons for forgetting abuse; rather, they might contribute to the victim's silence or reluctance to disclose the abuse.

Question 9

The concept of repression was popularized by the work of:

Accepted Answer

Sigmund Freud popularized the concept of repression, which he defined as the process of moving unacceptable desires or impulses from the conscious mind to the unconscious mind.

Question 10

Discuss the early and more recent versions of the competency inquiry for children testifying at trial in terms of improvements in the process.

Accepted Answer

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Question 11

Describe the elements of the NICDH Interview Protocol and how they avoid problematic interviewing techniques.

Accepted Answer

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Question 12

In an analysis of over 2000 criminal cases of delayed allegations of child sexual abuse, _____ percent involved continuous memory of the abuse; in other words, no repression.

Accepted Answer

94% of the cases involved continuous memory of the abuse, indicating that the vast majority of individuals did not repress their memories of the abuse.

Question 13

Which statement about the infamous U.S. Ingram case is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Ingram did not have a previous record for indecent exposure and DUI; this statement is false. The case involved false confessions and suggestibility, but no prior criminal record of this nature.

Question 14

Should anatomically correct dolls be admissible in court? Why or why not?

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Question 15

Lindsay and Read argue that some factors in a case would lead investigators to be skeptical. Which criteria is NOT listed as one to consider when evaluating claims of recovered memories of abuse?

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Question 16

Which is NOT one of the acceptable alternatives to children testifying that have been used in court to date?

Accepted Answer

A parent testifying in loco parentis is not an acceptable alternative to children testifying in court. The other options (one-way screens, closed-circuit television, and videotaped testimony) are methods used to protect vulnerable witnesses, such as children, allowing them to give testimony without being in the direct presence of the defendant or courtroom.

Question 17

Which statement about the current state of recovered memory of child sexual abuse is TRUE according to the text?

Accepted Answer

Lawsuits against psychotherapists have led to a more cautious approach in exploring patients' pasts, reflecting concerns about the reliability of recovered memories and the potential for creating false memories.

Question 18

In R. v. Levogiannis the Canadian Supreme Court upheld the conviction and denied the appeal challenging the accommodation of:

Accepted Answer

The Canadian Supreme Court upheld the use of a one-way screen to protect vulnerable witnesses, such as children, during testimony, which was the accommodation challenged in R. v. Levogiannis.

Question 19

What do we know about recovered memories of child sexual abuse, including false memories?

Accepted Answer

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Question 20

According to the authors, which statement about the concept of repression is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Controlled laboratory studies have struggled to document and validate the process of repression as it is described in psychoanalytic theory. The concept of repression and its validation remains controversial within the scientific community, with significant debate over the ability to empirically prove its occurrence.

Quiz 6: Interviewing Children and Memories of Sexual Abuse