Question 1

The Province or Territory with the highest percentage of guilty cases leading to incarceration is:

Accepted Answer

B

Question 2

In 1956, in response to overcrowding and riots, the _____recommended the creation of a parole system to enhance re-entry success.

Accepted Answer

The Fauteux Report, officially known as the Report of the Royal Commission on Canada's Penal System, recommended the creation of a parole system to enhance re-entry success for inmates, addressing issues of overcrowding and riots in prisons.

Question 3

The _____ in 1938 recommended revisions of penitentiary regulations to address overcrowding and to emphasize rehabilitation.

Accepted Answer

The Archambault Inquiry in 1938 recommended revisions of penitentiary regulations to address overcrowding and to emphasize rehabilitation, marking a significant shift in the approach to corrections in Canada.

Question 4

The sentencing outcome where there is a finding of guilt but no conviction and the offender has no terms or conditions to complete is called a(n):

Accepted Answer

An absolute discharge is a legal outcome where the offender is found guilty but is not convicted and has no conditions to fulfill.

Question 5

Describe what is known about public views on sentencing.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe what is known about public views...

Question 6

Discuss the factors that contribute to the harshness of prison life.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the factors that contribute to the...

Question 7

Which case is NOT a Supreme Court decision used by the authors to explain the status of Aboriginal justice?

Accepted Answer

R. v. Black Hawk is not a real or recognized Supreme Court decision used to explain the status of Aboriginal justice, unlike the other options which are actual cases that have contributed to the legal discourse on the matter.

Question 8

Which is NOT one of the ways that prison terms could be ordered to be served?

Accepted Answer

The term "irrevocably" does not describe a way that prison terms can be ordered to be served. It means something that cannot be changed, revoked, or recovered, which does not apply to the manner in which prison sentences are structured.

Question 9

For the most common early Canadian punishments, strangers or vagabonds would be _____ while local residents faced _____.

Accepted Answer

In early Canadian society, strangers or vagabonds were often banished as a form of punishment, while local residents who had community ties and were considered more integral to the social fabric faced shaming punishments. This approach allowed communities to rid themselves of perceived troublemakers without permanent harm, while simultaneously reinforcing social norms among established members through public humiliation.

Question 10

In Canada, imprisonment can be be ordered to be served in a number of ways. When the person serves time at various intervals such as on weekends, it is called a(n) _____ term.

Accepted Answer

Intermittent sentences allow offenders to serve their sentence in intervals, typically on weekends, allowing them to maintain employment and family ties during the week.

Question 11

What are some of the problems facing women in prison and what can be done to improve conditions?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are some of the problems facing...

Question 12

When a judge considers an offender's previous history of crimes when it comes to sentencing, that is considered a(n) _____ factor.

Accepted Answer

An offender's previous history of crimes is considered an aggravating factor because it suggests a pattern of criminal behavior, which can lead to a harsher sentence.

Question 13

Which statement about early incarceration efforts in Canada is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

The first prisons in Canada were not minimum-security institutions; they were often harsh environments focused on punishment rather than rehabilitation or productive labor.

Question 14

According to the text, research on sentencing disparity using two different methods found:

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the text, research on sentencing...

Question 15

Discuss the various sentencing options available in the justice system and which you think might be most effective.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the various sentencing options available in...

Question 16

Explain the various purposes and goals of punishment used today.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the various purposes and goals of...

Question 17

According to the authors, which statement about overrepresentation of Aboriginal offenders in the prison system is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

The statement about Aboriginal incarceration rates being three times higher than their proportion in the Canadian adult population is false. The overrepresentation is significantly higher, with Indigenous people making up a much larger percentage of the prison population compared to their percentage of the total population.

Question 18

The reason that the judge in the original trial of Jamie Gladue did not apply section 718.2 of the Criminal Code, which calls for alternative considerations for Aboriginal offenders, was that:

Accepted Answer

The judge did not apply section 718.2(e) of the Criminal Code, which encourages considering alternatives to incarceration for Aboriginal offenders, because Jamie Gladue was living in an urban area, not on a reserve, leading to a misunderstanding of the applicability of this provision to all Aboriginal people regardless of their place of residence.

Question 19

Which statement about Gladue requirements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Gladue requirements are designed to ensure that the court takes into account the unique circumstances of Indigenous offenders, including systemic or background factors that may have contributed to their criminal behavior, and to consider alternatives to incarceration. The failure to produce Gladue reports in a timely manner does not automatically result in more punitive sentences and fewer diversion options. The court still has a responsibility to consider the unique circumstances of Indigenous offenders, with or without a formal Gladue report.

Question 20

When a judge considers an offender's youthfulness when it comes to sentencing, that is considered a(n) _____factor

Accepted Answer

Mitigating factors are conditions or situations that do not excuse or justify criminal behavior but are considered by the judge to reduce the severity of the offense or the offender's culpability, and thus can lead to a lesser sentence. Youthfulness can be seen as a mitigating factor because younger offenders might not fully understand the consequences of their actions or might be more amenable to rehabilitation.

Quiz 11: Corrections: Sentencing, Imprisonment, and Alternatives