Question 1

Which is NOT a solution suggested by the authors for reducing the number of false confessions?

Accepted Answer

Imposing a time limit on interrogations of two hours or less is not a commonly suggested solution by authors for reducing false confessions. Most recommendations focus on improving the quality and transparency of the interrogation process, such as video recording the entire custodial interview to ensure fairness and accuracy.

Question 2

What has been the Canadian courts' position on the use of deception by police during interrogations? How does the use of deception during interrogations in other countries such as England and Wales compare?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What has been the Canadian courts' position...

Question 3

As a result of a long, drawn-out interrogation process, Kathryn confessed to a crime knowing that she did not commit it. This type of confession is called an:

Accepted Answer

An instrumental-coerced confession is when a suspect confesses to a crime they did not commit in order to escape the pressure of an interrogation or gain some type of benefit, such as a plea deal. In this scenario, Kathryn confessed as a result of a long, drawn-out interrogation process, suggesting that her confession was coerced.

Question 4

Jillian had often suffered from a delusional behavior disorder. When brought in for questioning, she quickly confessed to a crime that she had taken no part in. The term used for this type of false confession is:

Accepted Answer

An authentic-voluntary confession occurs when an individual confesses to a crime they did not commit without any external pressure, often due to a mental disorder or delusional belief.

Question 5

Jeremy purposely confessed to a crime he did not commit to cover for his wife. This type of confession is referred to as an:

Accepted Answer

Instrumental-voluntary confessions occur when an individual confesses to a crime they did not commit, of their own volition, often to protect someone else or gain a particular outcome. In this case, Jeremy's action of confessing to protect his wife is a clear example of an instrumental-voluntary confession.

Question 6

What do we know about the relationship between confessions and trial outcomes?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What do we know about the relationship...

Question 7

Which statement concerning safeguards for vulnerable suspects is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which statement concerning safeguards for vulnerable suspects...

Question 8

The acronym for an alternative method of interrogation, PEACE, stands for:

Accepted Answer

PEACE stands for Preparation and Planning, Engage and Explain, Account, Closure, and Evaluation. It is a method used in investigative interviewing that focuses on gathering accurate and reliable information in a non-confrontational manner.

Question 9

Of all of the traits that can be defined as vulnerability, the text argues that the most dangerous vulnerability is probably:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Of all of the traits that can...

Question 10

In King and Snook's research on the use of Reid techniques and other influence tactics and coercive strategies, it was found that:

Accepted Answer

King and Snook's research indicated that the use of more techniques and influence tactics was associated with a higher likelihood of obtaining partial or full confessions during interrogations.

Question 11

The most commonly identified type of false confession is the:

Accepted Answer

Instrumental-coerced confessions are the most commonly identified type of false confession, where individuals confess to a crime they did not commit due to coercion, often under the pressure of intense interrogation.

Question 12

What are some possible reforms that can be implemented in police interrogation procedures to reduce the risk of false confessions?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are some possible reforms that can...

Question 13

Which statement about false confessions is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Canadian police do not have a specific modified set of interrogation techniques for youth that is widely recognized as effective in reducing false confessions.

Question 14

Discuss some of the accepted as well as some of the controversial practices in police interrogation. Do you think courts should be stricter or more lenient in tolerating the more controversial approaches? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss some of the accepted as well...

Question 15

According to the text, approximately _____ percent of wrongful convictions involve false confessions.

Accepted Answer

Approximately 25 percent of wrongful convictions involve false confessions, as indicated by research and studies on the subject.

Question 16

After an intense interrogation process, Matthew became convinced that he had robbed the store. This form of false confession is called an:

Accepted Answer

An authentic-coerced confession occurs when a suspect becomes convinced of their own guilt due to coercive interrogation techniques, despite having no memory or knowledge of committing the crime.

Question 17

The neutral positioning of a camera to record both suspect and interrogator is called:

Accepted Answer

The term "equal-focus camera perspective" refers to a neutral positioning of a camera that captures both the suspect and the interrogator equally, ensuring an unbiased recording of the interaction.

Question 18

The United Kingdom's Police and Criminal Evidence Act (PACE) requires that police provide a number of protections. Which is NOT one of those protections afforded under the Act?

Accepted Answer

PACE does not specify the provision of snacks, drinks, and bathroom breaks for every 45 minutes of an interview. The Act focuses on the rights of individuals in custody, including the right to legal advice and the requirement for interviews to be conducted fairly and with respect for the suspect's rights, but it does not detail such specific welfare provisions during interviews.

Question 19

What are some of the research findings on false confessions?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are some of the research findings...

Question 20

Research on youth and their understanding of legal rights has found that:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research on youth and their understanding of...

Quiz 2: Interrogations and Confessions