Question 1

What is the moderator variable?

Accepted Answer

A moderator variable is one that influences the strength or direction of the relationship between an independent variable and a dependent variable. In this context, whether or not the lecturer has a PhD could affect how other variables (like teaching methods, course content, etc.) impact outcomes such as student satisfaction or learning. Choices B, C, and D are more likely to be dependent variables or independent variables in educational research contexts.

Question 2

An educational psychologist is researching whether group consistency and academic performance of students is influenced by gender.Which of the following would act as the predictor variable?

Accepted Answer

A

Question 3

A moderator effect is indicated if both predictors explain a significant proportion of the variance in the criterion variable.

Accepted Answer

A moderator effect is indicated when the relationship between two variables changes depending on the level of a third variable, not merely when both predictors explain a significant proportion of the variance in the criterion variable.

Question 4

An interaction effect is also known as?

Accepted Answer

A moderation effect is another term for an interaction effect, where the effect of one variable depends on the level of another variable.

Question 5

You are conducting a study into student attendance at lectures and overall degree grade and whether the grade is moderated by whether or not the lecturer has a PhD.Which is the predictor variable?

Accepted Answer

The predictor variable in a study is the one that is believed to predict or influence the outcome variable. In this case, student attendance is considered the predictor variable because the study is investigating how attendance at lectures might influence or predict the overall degree grade.

Question 6

What is the dependent variable?

Accepted Answer

The dependent variable is the outcome that is being measured or predicted, which in this case is the degree grade.

Question 7

Standardization converts scores into?

Accepted Answer

Standardization converts scores into z-scores, which represent the number of standard deviations a data point is from the mean.

Question 8

Chi-square is used to identify interaction effects when the predictor and moderator variables are nominal and the dependent variable is a score variable.

Accepted Answer

Chi-square tests are used to examine the relationship between two categorical (nominal) variables, not for identifying interaction effects with a score (continuous) variable as the dependent variable.

Question 9

What would the moderator variable be?

Accepted Answer

A moderator variable is a variable that affects the strength or direction of the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. In this context, gender (B) could serve as a moderator variable, potentially influencing how different variables interact or the outcome of a study differently for males and females.

Question 10

Which of the following should equal 0 for both predictors?

Accepted Answer

For both predictors to equal 0, the mean (average) of their values must be 0. This is because the mean is calculated by summing all values and dividing by the number of values, so for the mean to be 0, the total sum of the values must be 0. The mode, median, and range do not necessarily have to be 0 for this condition to be met.

Question 11

What is the dependent variable?

Accepted Answer

The dependent variable is the outcome factor that researchers are interested in explaining or predicting, which in this context is "Performance." It is typically what is measured in an experiment and what is affected during the experiment.

Question 12

It is recommended that the means of the two predictors are made equal to?

Accepted Answer

Making the means of the two predictors equal to 0 is a common practice in data preprocessing, especially in regression analysis, to center the data around the origin. This can simplify the interpretation of model parameters and improve numerical stability.

Question 13

The interaction term is created by multiplying the two predictors together.

Accepted Answer

An interaction term in a statistical model is created by multiplying two or more predictors together to investigate if the effect of one predictor on the response variable is different at different levels of the other predictor.

Question 14

The means of the two predictors are centred in order to increase the size of the correlation between the criterion variables.

Accepted Answer

Centering the means of predictors is done to reduce multicollinearity in multiple regression models and to make the interpretation of regression coefficients easier, especially in models with interaction terms. It does not directly increase the size of the correlation between criterion variables.

Question 15

At which stage are the two predictors entered in hierarchical multiple regression?

Accepted Answer

In hierarchical multiple regression, predictors are entered in stages based on theoretical or empirical justification, with the most fundamental or control variables typically entered first.

Question 16

What is the mediator variable?

Accepted Answer

A mediator variable is an intermediate variable that explains the relationship between the independent (predictor) and dependent (outcome) variables. None of the options provided (lecturer's PhD status, student attendance, or degree grade) inherently serve as a mediator without context specifying their roles in a causal pathway.

Question 17

An increase in multicollinearity ensures that the likelihood of a moderation effect being identified is decreased.

Accepted Answer

Multicollinearity refers to a situation in statistics where independent variables in a model are highly correlated. This condition can make it difficult to determine the individual effect of each variable on the dependent variable, potentially obscuring the identification of moderation effects, where one variable affects the strength or direction of the relationship between two other variables.

Question 18

A moderator effect is where the size of the relationship between one variable and another is?

Accepted Answer

A moderator effect occurs when the relationship between two variables changes depending on the value of a third variable. This means the size or direction of the relationship between the primary variables is different at different levels of the moderating variable.

Question 19

Which test would identify interaction effects and indicate moderation effects?

Accepted Answer

Hierarchical multiple regression is used to assess the potential moderation effects by introducing interaction terms in the model, allowing for the identification of interaction effects among variables.

Question 20

At which stage is the interaction entered in hierarchical multiple regression?

Accepted Answer

In hierarchical multiple regression, the interaction term is typically entered in the second stage. The first stage involves entering the main effects (predictors) to assess their individual contributions. The interaction term is then added in the subsequent stage to evaluate if it explains additional variance in the criterion variable beyond the main effects.

Quiz 11: Moderation,mediation and Multicategory Predictors

What is the moderator variable?

An educational psychologist is researching whether group consistency and academic performance of students is influenced by gender.Which of the following would act as the predictor variable?

A moderator effect is indicated if both predictors explain a significant proportion of the variance in the criterion variable.

An interaction effect is also known as?

You are conducting a study into student attendance at lectures and overall degree grade and whether the grade is moderated by whether or not the lecturer has a PhD.Which is the predictor variable?

What is the dependent variable?

Standardization converts scores into?

Chi-square is used to identify interaction effects when the predictor and moderator variables are nominal and the dependent variable is a score variable.

What would the moderator variable be?

Which of the following should equal 0 for both predictors?

What is the dependent variable?

It is recommended that the means of the two predictors are made equal to?

The interaction term is created by multiplying the two predictors together.

The means of the two predictors are centred in order to increase the size of the correlation between the criterion variables.

At which stage are the two predictors entered in hierarchical multiple regression?

What is the mediator variable?

An increase in multicollinearity ensures that the likelihood of a moderation effect being identified is decreased.

A moderator effect is where the size of the relationship between one variable and another is?

Which test would identify interaction effects and indicate moderation effects?

At which stage is the interaction entered in hierarchical multiple regression?