Question 1

According to the levels-of-processing principle,certain memories are easy to recall because we

Accepted Answer

The levels-of-processing principle suggests that memory recall is enhanced when information is processed at a deeper level, such as by thinking about its meaning or relating it to personal experiences. Repeating information over and over (choice A) may aid in short-term memory retention but may not necessarily result in long-term recall. Holding information for a long time in short-term memory (choice C) may also not be as effective as processing it at a deeper level. Storing memories in the deepest layers of the cerebral cortex (choice D) may not necessarily relate to the levels-of-processing principle.

Question 2

If you memorize a list of words,you are most likely to remember the words

Accepted Answer

This phenomenon is known as the serial position effect, which includes both the primacy effect (better recall of items at the beginning of a list) and the recency effect (better recall of items at the end of a list).

Question 3

You are given a list of grocery items to remember to purchase on your trip to the store.These items are;apples,bread,celery,lettuce,grapes,and onions.According to the recency effect,what item are you most likely to remember?

Accepted Answer

The recency effect is a memory phenomenon where the most recently presented items or experiences are more likely to be remembered than those presented earlier. In this list, "onions" are the last item mentioned, making them the most likely to be remembered according to the recency effect.

Question 4

When you are trying to memorize a list of words,the more you think about their meaning,the easier they will be to remember later.This is known as the

Accepted Answer

The levels-of-processing principle suggests that the more deeply we process information (such as thinking about the meaning of words rather than just rote repetition), the more likely we are to remember it later. The von Restorff effect refers to the tendency to remember unique or distinct items better than other items, and the state-dependent memory principle suggests that memory is better when the physiological or psychological state during encoding matches that during retrieval. The method of loci, also known as the memory palace technique, involves associating items with specific locations in a familiar environment.

Question 5

If you are trying to memorize a list of words,which of the following would be the best advice?

Accepted Answer

Going through the list thinking about the meaning of each word is a form of elaborative rehearsal, which has been shown to improve memory retention. It creates more connections and associations in the brain, making it easier to retrieve the information later. The other options do not promote effective learning and retention of the list of words.

Question 6

According to the levels-of-processing principle,some memories are easier to recall than others because

Accepted Answer

The levels-of-processing principle states that the more deeply we process information during encoding (storage), the better we will remember it. This means that if we think about the meaning of the information, make connections to other knowledge we already have, and relate it to our own experiences or emotions, we are more likely to remember it later. Holding information in short-term memory longer or storing it in terms of sound or structure of the word are not as effective for long-term retention. Therefore, choice C is the best answer.

Question 7

What would be the best way to increase your depth of processing when you read a list of words?

Accepted Answer

Thinking about the meaning of the words on the list requires a deeper level of processing, as it involves making connections and associations between the words and their significance. This is likely to enhance comprehension and memory retention of the material. The other options either focus on surface-level features of the words (such as counting letters or rhyming), or may be repetitive without adding much meaningful engagement with the content.

Question 8

When someone is trying to memorize a list of items,memory will be better if the person organizes the items into related categories.Who is most likely to do so?

Accepted Answer

People who have attended school for some length of time are more likely to have been taught mnemonic strategies for memorization, including categorization. Therefore, they are more likely to use categorization when trying to memorize a list of items.

Question 9

People can often work on two unrelated tasks (such as remembering a series of 5 digits while also doing a visual task)with less interference between the tasks than one might expect.This fact has been taken as support for the idea that

Accepted Answer

The fact that people can work on two unrelated tasks with less interference suggests that working memory is made up of more than one component. This is because the tasks likely involve different components of working memory, allowing them to be performed simultaneously without interference. The other options are not supported by this fact.

Question 10

The tendency to remember the word cat instead of dog and mouse from the following list: cat,dog,mouse illustrates the

Accepted Answer

The answer of The tendency to remember the word cat...

Question 11

In working memory the component that is responsible for governing shifts of attention is called the

Accepted Answer

The central executive component of working memory is responsible for shifting attention between different items in working memory. The phonological loop is responsible for maintaining auditory information, the visuospatial sketchpad is responsible for maintaining visual and spatial information, and the consolidator is not a component of working memory.

Question 12

__________ is a way that we improve memory by thinking about the meaning of a word and forming as many associations as possible.

Accepted Answer

Increasing depth of processing is the method used to improve memory by thinking about the meaning of a word and forming as many associations as possible. This leads to better retrieval of information as it is processed more deeply and meaningfully. The other options listed (minimizing retroactive interference, increasing paired-associates, minimizing proactive interference) are related to other aspects of memory and do not directly address this specific method.

Question 13

Memory improves when there is an increase in

Accepted Answer

Depth of processing refers to the level of meaning and analysis applied to incoming information. The more deeply information is processed, the more likely it is to be retained in memory. Retroactive interference and proactive interference both refer to situations where previously learned information interferes with the recall of more recent or future information. Korsakoff's syndrome is a neurological condition caused by alcoholism that results in severe memory problems. Therefore, D is the best choice as it directly relates to the concept of memory improvement.

Question 14

The encoding specificity principle refers to the fact that retrieval cues are more effective in stimulating a memory if those retrieval cues

Accepted Answer

The encoding specificity principle suggests that memory retrieval is most effective when the retrieval cues resemble or match the ones that were present during the original encoding of the memory. These cues can include context, emotional state, or even the physical environment. Therefore, the correct choice is C, as it highlights the importance of the retrieval cues matching the original encoding context.

Question 15

The levels-of-processing principle distinguishes between

Accepted Answer

The levels-of-processing principle states that information that is processed more deeply, such as by making meaningful connections to other knowledge or experiences, is more likely to be remembered in the long-term. It is therefore concerned with the strengths of various long-term memories.

Question 16

If you were trying to remember the names of U.S.presidents,you would probably have the most trouble remembering

Accepted Answer

This is because the presidents in the middle of the order did not have as significant or memorable events or achievements during their terms, making them harder to remember compared to the first and last few presidents.

Question 17

The main contribution of the levels-of-processing principle is that it accounts for

Accepted Answer

The levels-of-processing principle explains that the varying strengths of long-term memories are dependent on the depth of processing at encoding. The more deeply and meaningfully information is processed, the better it will be remembered. This principle does not account for retroactive and proactive interference, capacity limits of short-term memory, or the location of memory storage within the brain.

Question 18

The __________ effect is a tendency to remember the first items on a list;the __________ effect is a tendency to remember the last items.

Accepted Answer

The primacy effect refers to the tendency to remember the first items on a list, while the recency effect refers to the tendency to remember the last items.

Question 19

You are supposed to memorize a list of 20 words.To improve your memory,you group them into a group of 10 birds,5 mammals,and 5 fish.You have improved your memory by

Accepted Answer

Grouping the words into categories of birds, mammals, and fish is an example of organizing the list. This increases your processing of the organization of the list, which can help improve memory retention.

Question 20

Your memory will be more reliable if you use the same cue when you try to retrieve a memory that you used when you stored it.This is a statement of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The statement is related to the encoding specificity principle, which suggests that cues present during encoding need to be present during retrieval to enhance the likelihood of successful recall. Using the same cue at both encoding and retrieval creates a specific context that helps with recall.

Quiz 7: Memory