Question 1

Community psychologists have designed prevention programs for a variety of problem behaviors,from aggression and suicide to eating disorders.One general conclusion that can be drawn from these efforts so far is

Accepted Answer

Many prevention programs, despite being well-intentioned, have not consistently demonstrated effectiveness. The emphasis on relying on research rather than solely on good intentions underscores the importance of evidence-based approaches in evaluating the success of these programs.

Question 2

Which type of psychologist would typically design programs for preventing psychological problems?

Accepted Answer

Community psychologists specialize in designing and implementing programs that prevent psychological problems by addressing social and environmental factors that contribute to them.

Question 3

A therapist detects early signs of social anxiety in her client,and she works with the client to relieve the symptoms of anxiety.This therapist is using

Accepted Answer

The therapist is intervening to relieve the symptoms of social anxiety, which is an example of an intervention approach. Prevention would involve taking steps to prevent the anxiety from occurring in the first place, detention is unrelated, and identification would involve only recognizing the issue but not actively working towards its resolution.

Question 4

A psychologist has been hired to develop a prevention program to reduce teenage smoking.This person would be trained as a

Accepted Answer

A community psychologist would be best suited to develop a prevention program for teenage smoking as they focus on promoting healthy behavior within communities and addressing the social and environmental factors that contribute to risky behaviors like smoking. They often work with schools, parents, and community organizations to implement effective prevention programs. Cognitive psychologists study how people think, perceive, and remember, but may not have the same expertise in community-based prevention programs. Radical behaviorists focus on how behavior is shaped by reinforcement and punishment, but may not consider the larger social context in which behaviors occur. Rational-emotive therapists focus on addressing irrational beliefs and emotions that lead to negative behaviors, but may not have the same expertise in developing community-based prevention programs.

Question 5

A therapist detects early signs of schizophrenia in his client,and he works to try to prevent a psychotic episode that will seriously disrupt his client's life.Although he cannot make his client's schizophrenia go away,he can help his client avoid further deterioration through the process of

Accepted Answer

The answer of A therapist detects early signs of schizophrenia...

Question 6

Insanity refers to

Accepted Answer

Insanity refers to the defendant's state of mind at the time of the crime. It is a legal defense used to argue that the defendant should not be held responsible for their actions because of their mental state at the time of the crime. It is not related to the defendant's state of mind during the trial or an attempt to avoid prison. It is also not limited to disorders listed in DSM-IV.

Question 7

Which of the following statements regarding insanity is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

The majority of defendants found not guilty by reason of insanity are not released, but rather committed to a psychiatric facility for treatment. They can be held there for longer than they would have been incarcerated if found guilty in a criminal trial.

Question 8

According to the M'Naghten rule,a criminal defendant is not guilty by reason of insanity if the defendant

Accepted Answer

The M'Naghten rule determines the insanity defense in criminal cases. According to this rule, a defendant is not guilty by reason of insanity if they were so mentally disordered that they did not understand the nature or quality of their acts or that what they were doing was wrong. Therefore, choice C - the defendant was so mentally disordered as not to know what he/she was doing - is the correct answer.

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of prevention?

Accepted Answer

Banning lead and other toxic substances that can damage the brain is an example of prevention because it aims to eliminate the source of harm before it can affect individuals. The other choices involve treatments or interventions after an individual has already experienced negative effects.

Question 10

Teaching students how to use an optimistic explanatory style when negative life events happen can help those students avoid becoming depressed.Helping these students to avoid depression is an example of

Accepted Answer

Preventing depression by teaching students an optimistic explanatory style is an example of prevention, which involves taking steps to avoid a negative outcome before it occurs.

Question 11

According to the M'Naghten rule,an accused person is not guilty of a crime by reason of insanity if

Accepted Answer

The M'Naghten rule states that an accused person is not guilty by reason of insanity if they did not know the nature of the act or did not know that it was wrong. This focuses on the defendant's mental state at the time of the crime, rather than any diagnosis or assessment made before or after the act.

Question 12

__________ is avoiding a disorder from occurring,whereas __________ is identifying a disorder in its early stages and relieving it.

Accepted Answer

Prevention is avoiding a disorder from occurring, while intervention is identifying a disorder in its early stages and relieving it. Therefore, option C- Prevention...intervention is the correct answer. The other options are not accurate definitions of prevention and intervention.

Question 13

According to the M'Naghten rule,a criminal defendant is legally insane if he or she:

Accepted Answer

The M'Naghten rule states that a defendant is legally insane if, at the time of the crime, they did not understand the nature and quality of their actions or did not know that their actions were wrong. Therefore, option A is the correct choice as it aligns with this rule. Options B, C, and D are not accurate as they do not reflect the criteria for legal insanity according to the M'Naghten rule.

Question 14

In order for a defendant in a criminal trial to be found not guilty by virtue of insanity under the M'Naghten rule,what must the defense demonstrate?

Accepted Answer

In order to be found not guilty by virtue of insanity under the M'Naghten rule, the defense must demonstrate that the defendant was so disordered that he or she did not realize the act was a crime. This is also known as the "right-wrong" test. The other choices are not relevant to the M'Naghten rule.

Question 15

Approximately what percentage of criminals use the insanity defense?

Accepted Answer

According to the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, only about 1% of criminal cases use the insanity defense. Therefore, option A is the correct choice.

Quiz 15: Abnormality, therapy, and Social Issues