Question 1

Reaction formation is

Accepted Answer

Reaction formation is a defense mechanism in which an individual behaves in a way opposite to their true feelings or desires. For example, a person who is attracted to someone but outwardly displays hatred towards them is exhibiting reaction formation.

Question 2

The defense mechanism of sublimation is

Accepted Answer

Sublimation involves redirecting negative impulses, such as sexual or aggressive urges, into more socially acceptable or productive outlets. This defense mechanism allows individuals to channel their energy into positive activities, rather than expressing their impulses in harmful or destructive ways.

Question 3

In Freud's theory,if you take something you dislike about yourself (such as hostility)and present yourself as the opposite extreme (peace-loving),you are engaging in

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's theory, if you have an impulse or characteristic that you dislike, you may engage in reaction formation by presenting yourself as the opposite extreme. For example, if you have hostility within yourself, you may present yourself as very peaceful and loving as a way to overcompensate for and mask your true feelings. This defense mechanism involves behaving in a way that goes against your true impulses or urges.

Question 4

Herman,who is often dishonest,claims that most people are liars.Of the following,which is the most likely explanation or description of why he makes that claim?

Accepted Answer

Projection is when someone attributes their own thoughts or motivations onto others. In this case, Herman is likely projecting his own dishonesty onto others by claiming that most people are liars.

Question 5

Sigmund Freud based most of his theories on

Accepted Answer

Freud's psychoanalytic theories were largely based on his interpretations of his patients' narratives and behaviors, rather than on controlled experiments or the patients' own interpretations.

Question 6

Which of the following was a neo-Freudian?

Accepted Answer

Both Karen Horney and Alfred Adler were considered neo-Freudians who followed Freud's theories but also developed their own perspectives on psychology. William James was a prominent American psychologist who focused on pragmatism and functionalism, while Carl Jung was a Swiss psychiatrist who founded analytical psychology and diverged significantly from Freud's ideas.

Question 7

Freud's theories about personality were based primarily on

Accepted Answer

Freud's theories on personality were primarily based on the inferences he made after talking with his patients. He developed his theory of psychoanalysis based on his observations of his patients and their experiences. While he did conduct some case studies, his theory was not based on laboratory experiments, surveys, or correlational studies.

Question 8

A man with anxieties about his aggressive impulses presents himself as the opposite extreme,a crusader against violence.His behavior apparently illustrates which Freudian defense mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Reaction formation involves expressing an opposite behavior or attitude to an unconscious urge or impulse. In this scenario, the man's anxieties about his aggressive impulses lead him to behave in the opposite extreme, as a crusader against violence - which is an example of reaction formation.

Question 9

In Freud's theory,if you take something you dislike about yourself (such as hostility)and attribute it to other people,you are engaging in?

Accepted Answer

Projection is when an individual takes something they dislike about themselves and projects it onto other people. This allows the person to distance themselves from the negative trait or behavior and instead see it in others. For example, someone who struggles with jealousy may accuse their partner of being jealous when there is no evidence of it. By projecting their jealousy onto someone else, they avoid facing it in themselves.

Question 10

Suppose someone who is distressed by his own aggressive tendencies describes other people as being extremely aggressive.According to Sigmund Freud,which of the following terms best describes this person's behavior?

Accepted Answer

Projection is a defense mechanism in which the individual attributes their own unacceptable or unwanted thoughts, feelings or motives onto others. In this scenario, the individual is projecting their own aggressive tendencies onto others, describing them as being extremely aggressive.

Question 11

What is meant by the term "neo-Freudian"?

Accepted Answer

A neo-Freudian is a psychologist who wants to keep some of Freud's theories and to modify others. They do not completely reject or accept all of Freud's theories, but rather take a more nuanced approach by building upon his work while also making adjustments based on modern research and perspectives.

Question 12

Someone with unacceptable sexual impulses expresses them symbolically through art works.According to Freud,this is an example of

Accepted Answer

Sublimation is when a person channels their unacceptable impulses or desires into socially acceptable actions, such as creating artwork or taking up a sport. In this scenario, the person is expressing their sexual impulses symbolically through their art, which is a form of sublimation.

Question 13

Carl Jung broke away from Freud,arguing that

Accepted Answer

Carl Jung believed that, in addition to a personal unconscious, humans also have a collective unconscious that contains inherited instincts and archetypes that are shared across cultures. This was a major departure from Freud's theory of the unconscious, which focused solely on personal experiences and repressed memories.

Question 14

A man who develops doubts about his religion tries to convert others to it.This is an example of which defense mechanism?

Accepted Answer

This is an example of reaction formation, where an individual defends against their own doubts or impulses by adopting their opposite and attempting to convince others to do the same.

Question 15

In Freud's theory,projection refers to

Accepted Answer

In Freud's theory, projection refers to attributing your own undesirable characteristics or impulses to other people, thereby reducing anxiety about one's own unacceptable thoughts or feelings. It is a defense mechanism that allows individuals to avoid acknowledging their own flaws and shortcomings by attributing them to someone else.

Question 16

What are the contents of the collective unconscious,according to Carl Jung?

Accepted Answer

According to Carl Jung, the collective unconscious contains symbols and thoughts that have long been part of human experience, such as archetypes that are shared across cultures and time periods. It is not about repressed experiences or sensory experiences that were not paid attention to.

Question 17

A woman who feels anxiety about her dishonest tax returns attributes similar behavior to other people,claiming that most people cheat on their income taxes.Her claim is an apparent example of which of Freud's defense mechanisms?

Accepted Answer

The woman is projecting her own feelings of guilt onto others by claiming that most people cheat on their income taxes. This is a classic example of the defense mechanism of projection, according to Freudian theory.

Question 18

Which of the neo-Freudians believed that Freud overemphasized the importance of sexual motives AND focused instead on the dynamic relationship between parent and child?

Accepted Answer

Karen Horney believed that Freud overemphasized the importance of sexual motives and instead focused on the dynamic relationship between parent and child, which she believed shaped a person's personality.

Question 19

Someone with unacceptable violent impulses transforms those impulses into a socially desirable form and becomes a surgeon.According to Freud,this is an example of

Accepted Answer

Sublimation is the act of transforming unacceptable impulses or behaviors into socially desirable actions. In this example, the individual with violent impulses has transformed them into a socially desirable profession as a surgeon.

Question 20

A man who fears that he has been cheated tries to convince others that he has made a good deal.This is a possible example of

Accepted Answer

The man's behavior of trying to convince others that he made a good deal when he fears that he has been cheated is an example of reaction formation. Reaction formation refers to when someone expresses the opposite of what they are actually feeling, often as a defense mechanism. In this case, the man may be feeling embarrassed or ashamed that he was cheated, but he is trying to cover up those feelings by insisting that he made a good deal.

Quiz 14: Personality