Question 1

Ryan's sister is visiting for Thanksgiving. She always gets on Ryan's nerves, and this year is no exception. While walking the dog after dinner, Ryan may reveal this conflict with his
Sister unconsciously by being strict with the dog. According to psychodynamic theory,
Ryan's behavior is best explained by the ________ defense mechanism.

Accepted Answer

Displacement involves redirecting emotional responses from their real target to someone or something else. In this case, Ryan is displacing his frustration with his sister onto the dog.

Question 2

According to the psychodynamic approach, children feel unconscious impulses toward their parents of the opposite sex during the ________ stage of psychosexual development.

Accepted Answer

According to the psychodynamic approach, during the phallic stage (ages 3-6), children experience the Oedipus complex (for boys) or the Electra complex (for girls), which involves unconscious sexual impulses toward the parent of the opposite sex and a sense of competition with the same-sex parent.

Question 3

When Joe did really well on his first sales presentation, he said it was because he worked hard on it. When he did poorly on his second sales presentation, he said it was because
The computer and projector were not working properly. Joe's explanations about his two
Sales presentations reveal a

Accepted Answer

Joe's tendency to take credit for his success and attribute the failure to external factors indicates a self-serving bias.

Question 4

When Bart turns four, he unconsciously begins to find his mother sexually attractive. He has an unconscious desire to kill his father, Homer, so that he does not have to share
His mother. According to Freud, Bart is experiencing the ________ complex.

Accepted Answer

According to Freudian theory, the Oedipus complex occurs during the phallic stage of psychosexual development, where a child, in this case a boy like Bart, unconsciously desires his mother and sees his father as a rival, wishing to replace him.

Question 5

Raj is unconsciously attracted to his best friend's wife, Bernadette. But consciously, whenever Raj talks about Bernadette, he says how dumb and ugly she is. This example best
Demonstrates the ________ defense mechanism.

Accepted Answer

Raj is displaying the defense mechanism of reaction formation, where he consciously expresses the opposite of his unconscious desires. In this case, Raj is attracted to Bernadette, but instead expresses negative feelings about her.

Question 6

Tyra is tall and very thin and appears to be anorexic. She justifies her weight by saying that she is small boned. Tyra's excuse for her eating habits is an example of the ________
Defense mechanism.

Accepted Answer

Tyra's justification for her weight is a rationalization, which is a defense mechanism where an individual makes excuses or justifications to explain their behavior or feelings.

Question 7

Aiden scored a B on his last calculus exam. He feels pretty good about the grade because, 
in the past, the highest he had scored was a C. His reasoning shows that he is making a

Accepted Answer

Aiden is comparing his current performance (B grade) to his past performance (C grade), which is an example of a temporal comparison.

Question 8

Andy is an angry child whose aggressive behavior has gotten him into trouble. His parents decide to get him involved in sports to channel some of this anger into a healthier and more
Productive outlet. According to the psychodynamic theory of personality, his parents are trying
To use the defense mechanism of

Accepted Answer

Sublimation is the defense mechanism where socially unacceptable impulses or behaviors are channeled into more socially acceptable and productive outlets. In this case, Andy's aggressive behavior is being channeled into sports, which is a healthier and more productive outlet.

Question 9

Tom was hungry, so he went to a fast-food restaurant. He did not have any money, so when a young girl left her burger unattended, Tom quickly grabbed her burger and left. According
To the psychodynamic theory of personality, his actions were most likely driven by his

Accepted Answer

According to the psychodynamic theory of personality, the id is the primitive and unconscious part of the mind that is driven by instincts and seeks immediate gratification of its needs and desires. Tom's actions of taking the burger without any consideration for the owner's property rights or consequences suggest that he was acting on his instinctual needs and impulses, which aligns with the characteristics of the id.

Question 10

Ria's parents have raised her to follow group norms, obey authority, and to not challenge or complain about her status in society. Ria is probably being raised as a member of a(n)________ culture.

Accepted Answer

Ria's upbringing suggests that she is being raised in a collectivist culture, which places emphasis on conformity to group norms, respect for authority figures, and a focus on the needs of the group over the needs of the individual. This stands in contrast to individualistic cultures, which place a greater emphasis on individual freedoms and empowerment. The terms "independent" and "cohesive" do not necessarily relate to cultural values in the same way that collectivism and individualism do.

Question 11

After performing poorly at the track meet, Troy said that he just does not have as much natural athletic ability as the other runner. Troy explains his performances at the track meet
Based on a

Accepted Answer

The answer of After performing poorly at the track meet,...

Question 12

Freud thought that anxiety resulted from conflict between ________ and ________.

Accepted Answer

Freud believed that anxiety resulted from the conflict between the id (our primitive and instinctual drives) and the superego (our internalized sense of right and wrong). Specifically, anxiety arises from the fear of punishment from the superego for indulging in forbidden desires from the id.

Question 13

Which person is most likely to have a sense of self that is based on his feeling of being unique from others?

Accepted Answer

Being raised in a Western individualistic culture like Australia is more likely to emphasize the importance of personal uniqueness and self-expression, compared to more collectivistic cultures like Japan, China, and Pakistan.

Question 14

Which person is most likely to have a sense of self largely defined by his social roles and group relationships?

Accepted Answer

Japan has a collectivist culture where the sense of self is often defined by one's social roles and group relationships. This is in contrast to individualistic cultures, such as those in the United States (represented by Mike in option B) and Canada (represented by Martin in option C). Pierre's upbringing in France (option A) does not provide enough cultural context to determine his likely sense of self.

Question 15

According to psychosexual development theory, when the erogenous zone centers on the genitals, a person is in the ________ stage.

Accepted Answer

According to psychosexual development theory, the phallic stage occurs between ages 3 and 6, during which time the erogenous zone centers on the genitals. The oral stage occurs during infancy, the anal stage occurs between ages 2 and 3, and the latency stage occurs between ages 6 and puberty.

Question 16

Susan usually does well on her written assignments and she says this is because she works really hard. But when she gets a bad grade on her last written assignment, she says it is
Because the teacher does not like her. Her explanations show that she is making a

Accepted Answer

Susan is making a self-serving bias by attributing her success to her own hard work, but blaming external factors (the teacher not liking her) for her failure.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a finding from research on the better-than-average effect?

Accepted Answer

The better-than-average effect refers to the tendency of individuals to overestimate their own abilities and outcomes relative to others. Choice C, "People overestimate other people's abilities," is not a finding from research on this effect, as the phenomenon typically involves an overestimation of one's own abilities, not others'.

Question 18

Children raised to have connections with their family and follow societal norms are more likely to be from a(n) ________ culture.

Accepted Answer

The characteristics described suggest a collectivist culture, where the emphasis is on strong family ties, cooperation, and conformity to social norms. Individualistic cultures prioritize independence and self-expression over group loyalty. The terms "independent" and "cohesive" do not specifically relate to cultural values and can be present in both individualistic and collectivist cultures.

Question 19

Children raised with an emphasis on self-expression and diversity are more likely to be from a(n) ________ culture.

Accepted Answer

In individualistic cultures, there is a focus on personal autonomy and self-expression. This is in contrast to collectivist cultures, which emphasize the needs and goals of the group over the individual. Therefore, children raised with an emphasis on self-expression and diversity are more likely to be from an individualistic culture.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a psychosexual stage of development?

Accepted Answer

Erogenous is not a psychosexual stage of development. Erogenous refers to areas of the body that are sensitive and capable of generating sexual excitement, but it is not a stage of development in Freud's theory. The psychosexual stages of development are oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital.

Quiz 13: Self and Personality

According to the psychodynamic approach, children feel unconscious impulses toward their parents of the opposite sex during the ________ stage of psychosexual development.

When Joe did really well on his first sales presentation, he said it was because he worked hard on it. When he did poorly on his second sales presentation, he said it was because The computer and projector were not working properly. Joe's explanations about his two Sales presentations reveal a

When Bart turns four, he unconsciously begins to find his mother sexually attractive. He has an unconscious desire to kill his father, Homer, so that he does not have to share His mother. According to Freud, Bart is experiencing the ________ complex.

Raj is unconsciously attracted to his best friend's wife, Bernadette. But consciously, whenever Raj talks about Bernadette, he says how dumb and ugly she is. This example best Demonstrates the ________ defense mechanism.

Tyra is tall and very thin and appears to be anorexic. She justifies her weight by saying that she is small boned. Tyra's excuse for her eating habits is an example of the ________ Defense mechanism.

Aiden scored a B on his last calculus exam. He feels pretty good about the grade because, in the past, the highest he had scored was a C. His reasoning shows that he is making a

Tom was hungry, so he went to a fast-food restaurant. He did not have any money, so when a young girl left her burger unattended, Tom quickly grabbed her burger and left. According To the psychodynamic theory of personality, his actions were most likely driven by his

Ria's parents have raised her to follow group norms, obey authority, and to not challenge or complain about her status in society. Ria is probably being raised as a member of a(n) ________ culture.

After performing poorly at the track meet, Troy said that he just does not have as much natural athletic ability as the other runner. Troy explains his performances at the track meet Based on a

Freud thought that anxiety resulted from conflict between and .