Question 1

Tyson reads a book on best parenting practices that suggests parents should accept and value their children no matter how they behave or what they accomplish. Tyson's book is
Recommending parenting practices based on

Accepted Answer

The book is recommending parenting practices based on unconditional positive regard, which means accepting and valuing the child regardless of their behavior or accomplishments.

Question 2

Your teacher asks you what you did on your last vacation. After thinking about it for a moment, you tell her that last summer you went to Europe. According to Freud, in order to
Answer your teacher's question, you had to pull information from your ________ level of
Awareness.

Accepted Answer

According to Freud, the preconscious level of awareness contains thoughts and memories that are not currently in conscious awareness but can be accessed readily. Recalling what you did on your last vacation involves retrieving memories that are not at the forefront of your mind but can be easily brought into conscious awareness, which is characteristic of the preconscious level.

Question 3

Betty is making a mud pie out of dirt she brought in from the backyard. When her mother sees it, she yells, "Stop it. Good girls do not play with dirt and mud." According to humanistic
Approaches to personality, Betty's mom is creating ________ for her daughter.

Accepted Answer

Betty's mother is imposing conditions of worth by telling her what she should and shouldn't do. This can create tension within Betty as she may feel that she is only worthy of love and affection if she meets her mother's expectations. This can hinder her self-actualization, which is the ultimate goal of humanistic approaches to personality.

Question 4

Dr. Roger is a psychologist trained in the person-centered approach to therapy. Which of the following describes how Dr. Roger would treat a client?

Accepted Answer

As a person-centered therapist, Dr. Roger would focus on the client's subjective experience and their perception of their own problems. This approach emphasizes understanding the client's perspective and providing unconditional positive regard and empathy rather than analyzing their behavior or administering tests to reveal unconscious conflicts.

Question 5

When Phia's boss tells her that she is lazy and needs to work harder, Phia smiles and nods politely. That night, she screams at her husband, Eric, for burning the steaks.
According to psychodynamic theory, Phia's behavior most likely is a result of the
Defense mechanism of

Accepted Answer

Displacement is a defense mechanism in which a person transfers their emotions, thoughts, or feelings from one source to another. In this case, Phia is unable to express her frustration towards her boss directly, so she transfers it onto her husband, who becomes the target of her displaced anger.

Question 6

Maritza's parents want her to become a doctor, but she would like to be an artist. Which approach to personality would suggest that Maritza's personal growth is associated with
Following her dream of becoming an artist?

Accepted Answer

The humanistic approach to personality emphasizes personal growth, fulfillment of potential, and self-determination. It focuses on individuality and the importance of pursuing one's unique passions and goals. Therefore, humanistic psychology would suggest that Maritza's personal growth is associated with following her dream of becoming an artist, rather than conforming to her parents' expectations.

Question 7

Charlotte is excessively needy and smokes cigarettes constantly to ease her anxiety. According to the psychodynamic theory of personality, Charlotte may be fixated at the________ stage of psychosocial development.

Accepted Answer

The psychodynamic theory of personality suggests that an individual who is excessively needy and seeks oral gratification from smoking may be fixated at the oral stage of development. The oral stage occurs from birth to 18 months and is characterized by the primary source of pleasure being the mouth (sucking and biting). The fixation at this stage can lead to an oral personality, in which an individual is stuck in this stage and seeks oral gratification through activities such as smoking or overeating.

Question 8

Sara and Jen, who compete together on a trivia team, lost their latest competition. After the competition, Sara's parents express their disappointment by walking outside and not
Speaking to her during the car ride home, whereas Jen's parents hug her, tell her they
Love her, and say that she can work harder next time. Sara may develop her personality
Based on ________, while Jen may develop her personality based on ________.

Accepted Answer

Sara's parents are showing conditional regard, as they are only willing to interact with her when she meets their expectations (winning the competition). This can lead to Sara developing conditions of worth, where she only feels worthy or valuable when she meets certain standards. On the other hand, Jen's parents are showing unconditional positive regard, as they are expressing love and support regardless of her performance. This can foster Jen's self-actualization, as she is free to strive for her own goals and values without fearing rejection or disapproval.

Question 9

Josh is not worried that his newborn baby seems easily frightened. He tells his wife, "Our baby's personality will develop later, as a pattern of learned thinking." Josh believes in
The ________ approach to personality.

Accepted Answer

The statement that the baby's personality will develop through learned thinking suggests a belief in the social cognitive approach to personality, which emphasizes the influence of environmental factors and personal experience on the formation of people's thoughts and behaviors. This approach rejects the idea that personality is fixed and unchanging, instead seeing it as malleable and shaped by ongoing interactions with the world around us.

Question 10

Which of the following is a message that might be driven by your pleasure principle?

Accepted Answer

The pleasure principle drives behavior towards immediate gratification of needs and desires without considering the consequences. Choice D, "I am thirsty and I need to have a soda right now!", exemplifies this by expressing an urgent desire for immediate satisfaction.

Question 11

Anik's id is a very dominant force in his personality. Which of the following is Anik most likely to do?

Accepted Answer

Anik's dominant id suggests that he is driven by impulses and desires, and may act on them without much consideration for consequences. Therefore, he is most likely to follow his impulses when making decisions.

Question 12

If you become fixated at the anal psychosexual stage, which of the following would likely characterize your behavior?

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's psychosexual stages, fixation at the anal stage (which occurs from about age 1 to 3) can result in an individual developing a fixation on control and regulation, leading to stubbornness and an obsessive need for order and cleanliness. This is due to the focus on toilet training and control of bodily functions during this stage. Therefore, choice C is the best answer. The other choices are not directly related to fixation at the anal stage.

Question 13

Greg is a parent who wants to apply a person-centered approach to raising his son Isaac. Which of the following things should Greg do?

Accepted Answer

A person-centered approach emphasizes the individual's autonomy and support, rather than control and external reinforcement (such as withholding treats). It also avoids blaming the person for their failures and encourages unconditional positive regard and support (such as loving and supporting Isaac no matter how he behaves). Teaching defense mechanisms is not a person-centered approach and can even be harmful if the focus is on avoiding or suppressing emotions.

Question 14

Katie is very particular. She likes her apartment to be overly organized and things have to be done correctly or she gets upset. According to psychodynamic theory, Katie is
Most likely fixated at the ________ phase of psychosexual development.

Accepted Answer

According to psychodynamic theory, individuals who are fixated at the anal stage of psychosexual development may display a preoccupation with orderliness, cleanliness, and control. This is because during this stage, children are focused on toilet training and developing bowel and bladder control. Therefore, Katie's obsession with keeping her apartment overly organized and her need for things to be done correctly suggests fixation at the anal stage.

Question 15

Which of the following is a message that might be driven by your reality principle?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is a message...

Question 16

Derek's dad demands that Derek play catch with him. When Derek drops the ball, his dad tells him that he is useless unless he can be a good athlete. According to humanistic
Approaches to personality, Derek's dad is creating ________ for his son.

Accepted Answer

Derek's dad is creating conditions of worth for him, meaning he is placing value and worth on Derek only if he meets certain expectations or conditions (in this case, being a good athlete). This can lead to lower self-esteem and a lack of true self-actualization.

Question 17

Our ability to fulfill our potential through greater self-understanding is part of the ________ approach to personality.

Accepted Answer

The humanistic approach emphasizes the importance of personal growth, self-actualization, and self-understanding in fulfilling one's potential. This approach emphasizes the unique experiences and perspectives of individuals and how they shape their personalities. The other options (social cognitive, psychodynamic, trait) do not place as much emphasis on self-understanding and personal growth.

Question 18

Ken wants a new music album but does not want to buy it. He knows that he can download it for free but that doing so is illegal. Or he can buy just a few tracks online. Ken wants to
Steal the music but knows it is wrong. According to psychodynamic theory, Ken has a
Conflict between his ________ and ________.

Accepted Answer

The conflict Ken is experiencing is between his id, which drives his basic desires and impulses to steal the music, and his superego, which holds his moral standards and ideals that tell him stealing is wrong.

Question 19

Sam does not try hard at work, because he believes that promotions are completely random and that he has no control over whether he will get promoted. According to expectancy
Theory, Sam most likely has a(n) ________ locus of control.

Accepted Answer

Sam's belief that promotions are completely random and that he has no control over whether he will get promoted suggests an external locus of control. An external locus of control refers to the belief that outcomes are determined by external factors, such as luck, fate, or powerful others, rather than internal ones, such as one's own abilities or efforts.

Question 20

Dr. Carl is a humanistic psychologist studying personality. Which of the following statements is he most likely to say?

Accepted Answer

Humanistic psychologists focus on an individual's uniqueness, growth, and self-understanding. They believe that personality is shaped by the person's subjective experience and their self-concept. Option A is associated with psychoanalytic theory, option C is associated with social-cognitive theory, and option D is a general statement about personality but not specific to the humanistic perspective.

Quiz 13: Self and Personality

Tyson reads a book on best parenting practices that suggests parents should accept and value their children no matter how they behave or what they accomplish. Tyson's book is Recommending parenting practices based on

Your teacher asks you what you did on your last vacation. After thinking about it for a moment, you tell her that last summer you went to Europe. According to Freud, in order to Answer your teacher's question, you had to pull information from your ________ level of Awareness.

Betty is making a mud pie out of dirt she brought in from the backyard. When her mother sees it, she yells, "Stop it. Good girls do not play with dirt and mud." According to humanistic Approaches to personality, Betty's mom is creating ________ for her daughter.

Dr. Roger is a psychologist trained in the person-centered approach to therapy. Which of the following describes how Dr. Roger would treat a client?

When Phia's boss tells her that she is lazy and needs to work harder, Phia smiles and nods politely. That night, she screams at her husband, Eric, for burning the steaks. According to psychodynamic theory, Phia's behavior most likely is a result of the Defense mechanism of

Maritza's parents want her to become a doctor, but she would like to be an artist. Which approach to personality would suggest that Maritza's personal growth is associated with Following her dream of becoming an artist?

Charlotte is excessively needy and smokes cigarettes constantly to ease her anxiety. According to the psychodynamic theory of personality, Charlotte may be fixated at the________ stage of psychosocial development.

Josh is not worried that his newborn baby seems easily frightened. He tells his wife, "Our baby's personality will develop later, as a pattern of learned thinking." Josh believes in The ________ approach to personality.

Which of the following is a message that might be driven by your pleasure principle?

Anik's id is a very dominant force in his personality. Which of the following is Anik most likely to do?

If you become fixated at the anal psychosexual stage, which of the following would likely characterize your behavior?

Greg is a parent who wants to apply a person-centered approach to raising his son Isaac. Which of the following things should Greg do?

Katie is very particular. She likes her apartment to be overly organized and things have to be done correctly or she gets upset. According to psychodynamic theory, Katie is Most likely fixated at the ________ phase of psychosexual development.

Which of the following is a message that might be driven by your reality principle?

Derek's dad demands that Derek play catch with him. When Derek drops the ball, his dad tells him that he is useless unless he can be a good athlete. According to humanistic Approaches to personality, Derek's dad is creating ________ for his son.

Our ability to fulfill our potential through greater self-understanding is part of the ________ approach to personality.

Ken wants a new music album but does not want to buy it. He knows that he can download it for free but that doing so is illegal. Or he can buy just a few tracks online. Ken wants to Steal the music but knows it is wrong. According to psychodynamic theory, Ken has a Conflict between his and .

Sam does not try hard at work, because he believes that promotions are completely random and that he has no control over whether he will get promoted. According to expectancy Theory, Sam most likely has a(n) ________ locus of control.

Dr. Carl is a humanistic psychologist studying personality. Which of the following statements is he most likely to say?