Question 1

An individual's self-esteem is influenced by many factors and may be subject to a good deal of variation throughout her lifetime.

Accepted Answer

Self-esteem can be influenced by various factors such as social interactions, personal achievements, and experiences. It can also change due to life events, relationships, and personal development. Therefore, an individual's self-esteem can fluctuate throughout their lifetime.

Question 2

During the middle childhood years,children begin to integrate other-gender interactions and activities into their relationships and typically develop a substantial number of cross-sex friendships.

Accepted Answer

The answer of During the middle childhood years,children begin to...

Question 3

Relational aggression tends to increase among boys and girls during the 6-to 12-year-old period.

Accepted Answer

Relational aggression tends to increase among girls more than boys during the 6-to 12-year-old period, as girls are more likely to engage in social forms of aggression, such as excluding others or spreading rumors, during this developmental stage.

Question 4

Boy are simply more aggressive than girls.

Accepted Answer

This is a generalization and not supported by research. While some studies have shown differences in aggression between genders, it is not accurate to say that one gender is inherently more aggressive than the other. Aggression is influenced by a variety of factors, including environment, upbringing, and individual temperament.

Question 5

Mothers are more likely to give greater autonomy over behaviour to boys than to girls;they are also more likely to hold girls to a higher standard of accountability than they do boys.

Accepted Answer

This statement is supported by research, which has found that parents, including mothers, tend to have different expectations for their sons and daughters when it comes to behaviour and accountability. Boys are often given more freedom to explore and take risks, while girls may be more closely monitored and held to higher standards of responsibility.

Question 6

In Canada,you can legally leave your child alone at the age of 8,as long as he is not caring for a younger sibling.

Accepted Answer

In Canada, there is no specific age at which a child can be left alone legally; it varies by province/territory and is generally based on the child's maturity and safety considerations, not a specific age like 8.

Question 7

Canadian children between ages 2 and 11 spend an average of 21 hours/week watching television.

Accepted Answer

According to a 2017 study by the Canadian Pediatric Society, Canadian children between ages 2 and 11 spend an average of 21 hours/week watching television.

Question 8

Social approval helps to maintain aggressiveness and may cause interventions aimed at reducing aggressiveness to be ineffective.

Accepted Answer

Social approval can reinforce aggressive behavior, as the individual may feel encouraged or validated by the positive attention. This can make it more difficult for interventions aimed at reducing aggressive behavior to be effective, as the individual may not see any benefit in changing their behavior if they are receiving social approval for it.

Question 9

Shared interests and activities are a critical part of friendships in middle childhood.

Accepted Answer

Shared interests and activities help to create a sense of connection and common ground between friends in middle childhood. Engaging in these activities together can strengthen the bond between friends and provide opportunities for fun and learning. Having shared interests can also foster respect and understanding for each other's unique perspectives and individuality.

Question 10

The level of social and emotional support from parents lessens once a child reaches adolescence.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that as children enter adolescence, they become more focused on their peers and seek greater independence from their parents, which can lead to a decrease in perceived social and emotional support from parents. However, it's important to note that this varies depending on individual family dynamics and relationships.

Question 11

The personality trait openness/intellect would describe a child who is imaginative,curious,and has wide interests.

Accepted Answer

Openness/intellect is one of the five major personality traits, commonly referred to as the Big Five. It is associated with characteristics such as creativity, imagination, and a desire to explore new ideas and experiences. Therefore, a child who is imaginative, curious, and has wide interests can be described as having a high level of openness/intellect.

Question 12

Bandura used the term "reciprocal determinism" to refer to an individual's belief in her capacity to cause an intended event to occur.

Accepted Answer

Bandura used the term "reciprocal determinism" to refer to the dynamic interaction between a person, their behavior, and the environment in which they operate. It does not specifically refer to an individual's belief in their capacity to cause an intended event to occur.

Question 13

Possessing a skill or talent will positively affect a child's self-esteem only if the child places a high value on that particular skill or talent.

Accepted Answer

Self-esteem is a subjective evaluation of oneself, and it depends on how one perceives their abilities and achievements. Therefore, if a child considers a particular skill or talent as valuable, they are likely to feel more confident and have higher self-esteem when they excel in it. However, if the child does not attach much importance to that skill or talent, their self-esteem may not be significantly affected by their performance in that area.

Question 14

Self-care has the most negative effects for children in low-income neighbourhoods with high crime rates.

Accepted Answer

Children in low-income neighbourhoods with high crime rates are often exposed to trauma and stress, which can make it difficult for them to engage in self-care practices. Additionally, they may have limited access to resources and support for self-care. This can lead to negative effects on their mental and physical health.

Question 15

Canadian children spend less than seven hours per day in front of a screen.

Accepted Answer

Canadian children, on average, spend more than seven hours per day in front of screens, according to various studies and reports on children's media consumption habits in Canada.

Question 16

Developmentalists agree that the earliest age that a child should be left in self-care is 8.

Accepted Answer

Developmentalists have varying opinions on the appropriate age for self-care, but most agree that leaving a child under 10 in self-care for extended periods of time is not ideal. Some suggest waiting until the age of 12 or 13. It ultimately depends on the child's maturity level and ability to handle the responsibilities of self-care.

Question 17

Scores on achievement tests correlate negatively with the amount of time children spend watching TV.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that there is a negative correlation between test scores and the amount of time spent watching TV, meaning that as TV viewing increases, test scores tend to decrease.

Question 18

Aggressive/rejected children are often disruptive and uncooperative,and they realize that their peers dislike them.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Aggressive/rejected children are often disruptive and uncooperative,and...

Question 19

Popular children tend to be attractive and physically larger than their peers,characteristics they have no control over.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that popular children tend to be perceived as more attractive and physically larger than their peers, which are characteristics they have no control over. However, popularity can also be influenced by other factors such as social skills, confidence, and leadership abilities.

Question 20

Children who have been harmed by a peer but did not retaliate may be vulnerable to bullying in the future,and they may be seen as socially incompetent by other children.

Accepted Answer

Children who have been harmed by a peer but do not retaliate may be perceived as weak or vulnerable by other children, which can make them more likely to be targeted for bullying in the future. Additionally, their perceived lack of social competence may further isolate them from their peers and make them more vulnerable to bullying.

Quiz 10: Social and Personality Development in Middle Childhood