Question 1

__________ are any variables other than X the treatment)that may be responsible for the relationship.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ are any variables other than X...

Question 2

Interrupted time-series designs can then be defined as an analysis of a single variable measured at many successive time points,with some measures taken prior to a treatment interruption)and others taken after the treatment.

Accepted Answer

Interrupted time-series designs involve collecting data on a single variable at multiple time points before and after an intervention (or "treatment interruption") to assess the intervention's effect.

Question 3

__________ is a combination of errors introduced by selection bias plus the differential maturation of groups.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ is a combination of errors introduced...

Question 4

Discuss the three general types of experimental designs.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the three general types of experimental...

Question 5

__________ is the tendency of groups that have been selected for study on the basis of extreme high or low scores to regress or move toward the mean or average on second testing.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ is the tendency of groups that...

Question 6

__________ involves changes in the measuring instrument from the beginning or first period of evaluation to the second,later,or final evaluation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ involves changes in the measuring instrument...

Question 7

__________ is the loss of subjects over the course of time.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ is the loss of subjects over...

Question 8

Discuss the three essential steps in resolving the causality problem.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the three essential steps in resolving...

Question 9

Time-series designs measurement of a single variable at successive points in time.

Accepted Answer

Time-series designs involve the measurement of a single variable (or multiple variables) at successive points in time to analyze trends, patterns, or changes.

Question 10

__________ refers to biological or psychological changes in the respondents during the course of study that are not due to the experimental variable.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ refers to biological or psychological changes...

Question 11

The three essential steps in resolving the causality problem are demonstrate that a relationship exists between the key variables,specify the time order of the relationship,and __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The three essential steps in resolving the...

Question 12

__________ refers to other specific events that may have taken place during the course of the study and may have produced the results.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ refers to other specific events that...

Question 13

__________ refers to accuracy or correctness in research.Internal factors question the internal validity of research,whereas external factors impugn the external validity of findings.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ refers to accuracy or correctness in...

Question 14

__________ point to the tendency of pretests to destroy the naiveté of respondents with respect to the variables)being studied and decrease or more predictably increase the subjects' awareness or sensitivity,thus complicating the ability to generalize their responses to a larger population that has not been pretested.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ point to the tendency of pretests...

Question 15

A distinction is also made between multiple interrupted time-series designs,which examine one group or site's preprogram and post-program outcomes over time,and single interrupted time-series designs,which contrast one group's performance with that of relevant comparison groups.

Accepted Answer

A single interrupted time-series design examines one group or site's preprogram and post-program outcomes over time, without contrasting with a comparison group. Multiple interrupted time-series designs may involve comparisons across different groups or sites.

Question 16

__________ occurs when the researcher chooses nonequivalent groups for comparison.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ occurs when the researcher chooses nonequivalent...

Question 17

__________ is a false relationship that can be explained away by other variables.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ is a false relationship that can...

Question 18

The problem of __________ has been a subject of continuing philosophical discussion,but scientific investigation is based on the a priori assumption that the fundamental nature of reality can be known-that causation lies at the basis of reality.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The problem of __________ has been a...

Question 19

__________ are intended to manage or control the problem of multiple-treatment inference,in which X1 refers to one treatment,X2 a second,X3 a third,and X4 a fourth.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ are intended to manage or control...

Question 20

__________ pretest bias)refers to the bias and foreknowledge introduced to respondents as a result of having been pretested.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ pretest bias)refers to the bias and...

Quiz 3: Research Design: the Experimental Model and Its Variations