Question 1

A device in Jaclyn's car beeps loudly whenever she brakes too quickly.After three months of using the device,Jaclyn's insurance company will lower her rate if her driving improves.The
Device is being used as what type of operant-conditioning technique?

Accepted Answer

The device is being used as a behavior modification technique, which is a form of operant conditioning aimed at changing behaviors through the use of rewards or punishments. In this case, the potential for a lower insurance rate serves as a positive reinforcement for the desired behavior of safer driving.

Question 2

Whenever two-year-old Abby uses the toilet,her mom puts a sticker on a chart.When the sticker chart is full,Abby is allowed to pick out a toy from the store.Using the sticker as a
Secondary reinforcer means that this is a type of

Accepted Answer

The sticker acts as a token that can be exchanged for a more desirable reward (a toy), which is a hallmark of a token economy. A token economy is a system of behavior modification based on the systematic reinforcement of target behavior. The reinforcers are "tokens" that can be exchanged for other reinforcers (toys, in this case).

Question 3

Drugs like cocaine and amphetamines are reinforcing to the user,making it more likely that he or she will use again.This is because the drugs

Accepted Answer

Drugs like cocaine and amphetamines increase dopamine levels in the brain, which is associated with pleasure and reward. This enhanced dopamine activation makes the drugs reinforcing, increasing the likelihood of repeated use.

Question 4

A rehabilitation center reinforces patients' good behaviors with Monopoly money,which they can then trade in for food,movies,or other privileges.When they behave badly,however,the
Patients lose Monopoly money.To modify the patients' behavior,the center is using

Accepted Answer

The rehabilitation center is using a token economy system, where tokens (in this case, Monopoly money) are given for desired behaviors. These tokens can later be exchanged for various privileges, which reinforces positive behavior.

Question 5

Aldo cannot get the answer to a chemistry problem even after sitting at his desk for an hour. He gets up and goes for a walk.Suddenly,even though he appears to have stopped thinking
About it for a while,the answer comes to him.Aldo has most likely solved the problem based on

Accepted Answer

Insight learning occurs when a solution to a problem presents itself suddenly and without ongoing trial-and-error testing. Aldo's experience of suddenly understanding the answer to the chemistry problem after taking a break and not actively thinking about it is a classic example of insight learning, where the solution comes to him in an "aha" moment.

Question 6

When explaining to his wife how positive reinforcement and positive punishment are similar, Jackson correctly says that both

Accepted Answer

Both positive reinforcement and positive punishment involve adding a stimulus to modify behavior. Positive reinforcement adds a pleasant stimulus to increase a behavior, while positive punishment adds an unpleasant stimulus to decrease a behavior.

Question 7

A month ago,Jenny was pulled over for speeding,and because it was her third ticket this year,her license was suspended.Jenny just received her license back and vows never to
Speed again.In this situation,having her license suspended has served as

Accepted Answer

Negative punishment involves taking away a desirable stimulus (in this case, Jenny's license) to decrease a behavior (speeding).

Question 8

Tripp is serving a 10-year prison sentence when he is informed by his parole board that he is getting out of jail early for good behavior.If the early release has the effect of increasing
Tripp's good behavior in the future,then decrease of time in prison is an example of

Accepted Answer

Negative reinforcement involves the removal of an unpleasant stimulus (in this case, time in prison) to increase the likelihood of a desired behavior (good behavior) in the future.

Question 9

Samantha tells her roommate that negative reinforcement and negative punishment are similar because they

Accepted Answer

Negative reinforcement involves the removal of an unpleasant stimulus to increase a behavior, while negative punishment involves the removal of a pleasant stimulus to decrease a behavior. Both involve the removal of a stimulus.

Question 10

Reynold believes that reinforcement affects the performance of a behavior more than the acquisition of knowledge.Reynold's belief is consistent with the ideas of the cognitive theorist

Accepted Answer

Edward Tolman is known for his cognitive approach to learning, which includes the concept that reinforcement affects the performance of a behavior rather than just the acquisition of knowledge. This contrasts with more behaviorist views that focus primarily on reinforcement as a driver for both learning and performance.

Question 11

Simon's dog urinates in the house while he is at work.When he gets home and sees the mess, he rubs his dog's nose in it and yells,"Bad dog!" Which of the following is one reason why
This attempt at positive punishment might not work to correct the dog's behavior?

Accepted Answer

The effectiveness of positive punishment in correcting behavior is highly dependent on its immediate application after the undesired behavior occurs. Since Simon's punishment occurs hours after the dog's mistake, the dog is unlikely to associate the punishment with the act of urinating in the house, making the punishment ineffective in correcting the behavior.

Question 12

For each cart of books that Spencer reshelves in the prison library,he receives a chip.He is allowed to collect chips and then trade them in for candy,extra recreation time,or visitation
Time.The prison uses a token economy,which is a method of

Accepted Answer

A token economy is a form of behavior modification that uses tokens or chips as a system of reinforcement to encourage desired behaviors.

Question 13

If Sheila wants to decrease her dog barking at the cat next door,she should most likely use

Accepted Answer

Punishment is used to decrease the likelihood of a behavior occurring again, so it would be the most direct method to decrease the dog's barking.

Question 14

George is traveling to visit his friend Ryan in a neighboring town but has to take a detour due to road construction.At first George feels lost,but then he notices a sign for Madison Street
And immediately knows where he is and how to navigate to Ryan's house.In this situation,
George has reached Ryan's by using

Accepted Answer

George used a cognitive map, which is a mental representation of the layout of one's environment. When he saw the sign for Madison Street, he was able to orient himself and navigate to Ryan's house based on his mental map of the area.

Question 15

If getting $1 for every correct answer on this test makes you study harder for the next test, then being given $1 is a form of

Accepted Answer

Positive reinforcement involves adding a desirable stimulus after a behavior to increase the likelihood of that behavior being repeated. In this case, receiving $1 for every correct answer is a desirable stimulus that encourages studying harder, which is the behavior being reinforced.

Question 16

In operant conditioning,removing a stimulus to increase a behavior in the future is called

Accepted Answer

Negative reinforcement involves the removal of an unpleasant stimulus as a consequence of a behavior, which in turn increases the likelihood of that behavior being repeated in the future. It is different from punishment, which aims to decrease a behavior. Positive reinforcement adds a pleasant stimulus to increase a behavior, while punishment (both positive and negative) aims to decrease a behavior.

Question 17

Positive punishment causes a(n) ________ in behavior through the ________ of a stimulus.

Accepted Answer

Positive punishment involves the addition of a stimulus to decrease a behavior.

Question 18

Rosy bites her older brother whenever he doesn't share his toys with her,so Rosy's parents put her in time-out for biting.The next time her brother does not share his toys,Rosy hits him.
Time-out has not corrected Rosy's poor behavior because

Accepted Answer

The punishment did not address the underlying issue or teach Rosy alternative, positive behaviors to use when she feels upset, leading her to simply switch from one form of aggression to another.

Question 19

Whenever baby Colin cries,his mother picks him up.This stops Colin from crying.In turn, this makes Colin's mother pick him up more often.In this example,his mother picking him up
Serves as a ________ reinforcer for Colin.Colin stopping crying is a ________ reinforcer
For the mother.

Accepted Answer

The mother's action of picking up Colin serves as a positive reinforcer for Colin because it adds a comforting stimulus, encouraging him to cry more to get picked up. Colin stopping crying serves as a negative reinforcer for the mother because it removes the unpleasant stimulus of crying, encouraging her to pick him up more often.

Question 20

When using positive punishment as a means of discipline,the word positive indicates

Accepted Answer

The answer of When using positive punishment as a means...

Quiz 6: Learning

A device in Jaclyn's car beeps loudly whenever she brakes too quickly.After three months of using the device,Jaclyn's insurance company will lower her rate if her driving improves.The Device is being used as what type of operant-conditioning technique?

Whenever two-year-old Abby uses the toilet,her mom puts a sticker on a chart.When the sticker chart is full,Abby is allowed to pick out a toy from the store.Using the sticker as a Secondary reinforcer means that this is a type of

Drugs like cocaine and amphetamines are reinforcing to the user,making it more likely that he or she will use again.This is because the drugs

A rehabilitation center reinforces patients' good behaviors with Monopoly money,which they can then trade in for food,movies,or other privileges.When they behave badly,however,the Patients lose Monopoly money.To modify the patients' behavior,the center is using

Aldo cannot get the answer to a chemistry problem even after sitting at his desk for an hour. He gets up and goes for a walk.Suddenly,even though he appears to have stopped thinking About it for a while,the answer comes to him.Aldo has most likely solved the problem based on

When explaining to his wife how positive reinforcement and positive punishment are similar, Jackson correctly says that both

A month ago,Jenny was pulled over for speeding,and because it was her third ticket this year,her license was suspended.Jenny just received her license back and vows never to Speed again.In this situation,having her license suspended has served as

Tripp is serving a 10-year prison sentence when he is informed by his parole board that he is getting out of jail early for good behavior.If the early release has the effect of increasing Tripp's good behavior in the future,then decrease of time in prison is an example of

Samantha tells her roommate that negative reinforcement and negative punishment are similar because they

Reynold believes that reinforcement affects the performance of a behavior more than the acquisition of knowledge.Reynold's belief is consistent with the ideas of the cognitive theorist

Simon's dog urinates in the house while he is at work.When he gets home and sees the mess, he rubs his dog's nose in it and yells,"Bad dog!" Which of the following is one reason why This attempt at positive punishment might not work to correct the dog's behavior?

For each cart of books that Spencer reshelves in the prison library,he receives a chip.He is allowed to collect chips and then trade them in for candy,extra recreation time,or visitation Time.The prison uses a token economy,which is a method of

If Sheila wants to decrease her dog barking at the cat next door,she should most likely use

If getting $1 for every correct answer on this test makes you study harder for the next test, then being given $1 is a form of

In operant conditioning,removing a stimulus to increase a behavior in the future is called

Positive punishment causes a(n) in behavior through the of a stimulus.

Rosy bites her older brother whenever he doesn't share his toys with her,so Rosy's parents put her in time-out for biting.The next time her brother does not share his toys,Rosy hits him. Time-out has not corrected Rosy's poor behavior because

Whenever baby Colin cries,his mother picks him up.This stops Colin from crying.In turn, this makes Colin's mother pick him up more often.In this example,his mother picking him up Serves as a reinforcer for Colin.Colin stopping crying is a reinforcer For the mother.

When using positive punishment as a means of discipline,the word positive indicates

Quiz 6: Learning

A device in Jaclyn's car beeps loudly whenever she brakes too quickly.After three months of using the device,Jaclyn's insurance company will lower her rate if her driving improves.The Device is being used as what type of operant-conditioning technique?

Whenever two-year-old Abby uses the toilet,her mom puts a sticker on a chart.When the sticker chart is full,Abby is allowed to pick out a toy from the store.Using the sticker as a Secondary reinforcer means that this is a type of

Drugs like cocaine and amphetamines are reinforcing to the user,making it more likely that he or she will use again.This is because the drugs

A rehabilitation center reinforces patients' good behaviors with Monopoly money,which they can then trade in for food,movies,or other privileges.When they behave badly,however,the Patients lose Monopoly money.To modify the patients' behavior,the center is using

Aldo cannot get the answer to a chemistry problem even after sitting at his desk for an hour. He gets up and goes for a walk.Suddenly,even though he appears to have stopped thinking About it for a while,the answer comes to him.Aldo has most likely solved the problem based on

When explaining to his wife how positive reinforcement and positive punishment are similar, Jackson correctly says that both

A month ago,Jenny was pulled over for speeding,and because it was her third ticket this year,her license was suspended.Jenny just received her license back and vows never to Speed again.In this situation,having her license suspended has served as

Tripp is serving a 10-year prison sentence when he is informed by his parole board that he is getting out of jail early for good behavior.If the early release has the effect of increasing Tripp's good behavior in the future,then decrease of time in prison is an example of

Samantha tells her roommate that negative reinforcement and negative punishment are similar because they

Reynold believes that reinforcement affects the performance of a behavior more than the acquisition of knowledge.Reynold's belief is consistent with the ideas of the cognitive theorist

Simon's dog urinates in the house while he is at work.When he gets home and sees the mess, he rubs his dog's nose in it and yells,"Bad dog!" Which of the following is one reason why This attempt at positive punishment might not work to correct the dog's behavior?

For each cart of books that Spencer reshelves in the prison library,he receives a chip.He is allowed to collect chips and then trade them in for candy,extra recreation time,or visitation Time.The prison uses a token economy,which is a method of

If Sheila wants to decrease her dog barking at the cat next door,she should most likely use

If getting $1 for every correct answer on this test makes you study harder for the next test, then being given $1 is a form of

In operant conditioning,removing a stimulus to increase a behavior in the future is called

Positive punishment causes a(n) ________ in behavior through the ________ of a stimulus.

Rosy bites her older brother whenever he doesn't share his toys with her,so Rosy's parents put her in time-out for biting.The next time her brother does not share his toys,Rosy hits him. Time-out has not corrected Rosy's poor behavior because

Whenever baby Colin cries,his mother picks him up.This stops Colin from crying.In turn, this makes Colin's mother pick him up more often.In this example,his mother picking him up Serves as a ________ reinforcer for Colin.Colin stopping crying is a ________ reinforcer For the mother.

When using positive punishment as a means of discipline,the word positive indicates

Positive punishment causes a(n) in behavior through the of a stimulus.

Whenever baby Colin cries,his mother picks him up.This stops Colin from crying.In turn, this makes Colin's mother pick him up more often.In this example,his mother picking him up Serves as a reinforcer for Colin.Colin stopping crying is a reinforcer For the mother.