Question 1

________ is the inborn drive to realize one's potential and develop one's talents.

Accepted Answer

Self-actualization refers to the realization or fulfillment of one's talents and potentialities, especially considered as a drive or need present in everyone. It is a term that was popularized by Abraham Maslow and is often depicted as the highest level of psychological development in his hierarchy of needs.

Question 2

________ emphasized the importance of self-concept.He believed our personality and individual self-esteem are heavily influenced by early childhood experiences.

Accepted Answer

Carl Rogers emphasized the importance of self-concept in his humanistic approach to psychology, focusing on how our perception of ourselves influences our behavior and personality. He believed that early childhood experiences play a significant role in shaping our self-esteem and self-image.

Question 3

The trait theory that explains personality in terms of openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism is called the ________.

Accepted Answer

The Five-Factor Model, also known as the Big Five, explains personality through five broad dimensions: openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT among Eysenck's basic types of traits?

Accepted Answer

Eysenck's basic types of traits include extraversion-introversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism. Optimism is not considered one of Eysenck's basic types of traits.

Question 5

Unconditional positive regard is Carl Rogers's term for ________.

Accepted Answer

Unconditional positive regard, a concept developed by Carl Rogers, refers to showing complete support and acceptance of a person no matter what they say or do, without imposing conditions or judgments.

Question 6

According to Rogerians, if your self-concept is congruent with your life experiences, you are likely to ________.

Accepted Answer

When your self-concept aligns with your life experiences, it indicates a state of congruence, which is associated with mental health and well-being according to Rogerian theory.

Question 7

Bessie is gentle, cooperative, trusting, and helpful; Obadiah is outgoing, talkative, fun-loving, and affectionate.According to the Five-Factor model, it is likely that Bessie scores high on ________ and Obadiah scores high on ________.

Accepted Answer

Bessie's traits suggest high agreeableness, while Obadiah's traits indicate high extroversion, according to the Five-Factor model of personality.

Question 8

Garner is imaginative, curious, and interested in new ideas; Brandy is conventional, down-to-earth, and has limited interests.It is likely that Garner scores high and Brandy scores low on the personality dimension of ________ in the Five-Factor model.

Accepted Answer

Garner's traits of being imaginative, curious, and interested in new ideas align with the personality dimension of openness in the Five-Factor Model. This dimension measures the extent to which a person is open to experiencing different activities and engaging with new ideas. Brandy's conventional and down-to-earth characteristics suggest a lower score on this dimension.

Question 9

How would you compare what women want in a mate versus what men want in a mate?

Accepted Answer

Research often shows that both men and women prioritize similar traits such as kindness, intelligence, and dependability, which are often at the top of both lists.

Question 10

In Rogers' theory of personality, maladjustment is the result of ________.

Accepted Answer

In Rogers' theory, maladjustment is primarily seen as the result of incongruence between an individual's ideal self (how they would like to be) and their real self (how they actually are), leading to psychological tension and discomfort.

Question 11

Cattell and Eysenck both used the statistical technique called ________ to determine a cluster of personality traits they believe are universally shared.

Accepted Answer

Cattell and Eysenck used factor analysis, a statistical method, to identify and categorize underlying factors or traits in personality. This technique helps in reducing the complexity of personality to more fundamental underlying factors.

Question 12

According to Rogerian theorists, the image that you have of yourself that is based on interactions with significant others and life experiences is called your ________.

Accepted Answer

Rogerian theorists, such as Carl Rogers, refer to the image that individuals have of themselves, which is shaped by interactions with significant others and life experiences, as their self-concept.

Question 13

Two theorists associated with the humanistic perspective of personality development are ________.

Accepted Answer

Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow are key figures in the humanistic perspective of psychology, which emphasizes individual potential and stresses the importance of growth and self-actualization.

Question 14

Which of the following is INCORRECTLY matched?

Accepted Answer

The Big Five personality traits are actually Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism (OCEAN), not the traits listed in option D.

Question 15

Research shows that the "Big 5" (five-factor model)may be a biological universal for all but which of the following reasons?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is D because the effectiveness of psychotherapy and the predictive value of certain traits for improvement in counseling are not evidence for the biological universality of the Big 5 personality traits. The other options (A, B, C) directly relate to biological or evolutionary evidence supporting the universality of the Big 5 across different species and cultures.

Question 16

Rogers thought that ________ is necessary for a child's uniqueness and positive self-concept to unfold naturally.

Accepted Answer

Rogers believed that unconditional positive regard, which is an acceptance and love that is not contingent on any specific conditions, is essential for a child to develop a positive self-concept and for their unique personality to naturally emerge.

Question 17

Which of the following is the CORRECT list of traits in the Five-Factor model?

Accepted Answer

The Five-Factor Model, also known as the Big Five personality traits, includes Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism, which can be remembered with the acronym OCEAN.

Question 18

Radford is emotionally unstable, insecure, anxious, and moody; Quinn is calm, even-tempered, easygoing, and relaxed.According to the Five-Factor model, it is likely that Radford scores _____; and Quinn scores ________.

Accepted Answer

Radford's emotional instability, insecurity, anxiety, and moodiness suggest a high level of neuroticism, while Quinn's calm, even-tempered, easygoing, and relaxed nature indicates a low level of neuroticism, according to the Five-Factor model of personality.

Question 19

If you took the ________ approach to personality, you would emphasize internal experiences, like feelings and thoughts, and the basic worth of the individual.

Accepted Answer

The humanistic approach to personality focuses on individual experiences, personal growth, and the inherent worth of the individual, aligning with the description given.

Question 20

According to Buss, the Five-Factor model of personality traits reflects a(n)________ advantage to people who are high on extroversion, agreeableness and conscientiousness.

Accepted Answer

The Five-Factor model of personality, which includes extroversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness among its traits, suggests that these traits confer an evolutionary advantage by enhancing survival and reproductive success through better social integration, cooperation, and reliability.

Quiz 13: Personality