Question 1

Relearning is the process of learning material ________, which usually takes ________ time than original learning.
A)over and over again; much more
B)a second time; less
C)similar to other material; less
D)that is very complex; more

Accepted Answer

Relearning involves learning material a second time, and it typically requires less time than the original learning process because of the familiarity and previous understanding of the material.

Question 2

The serial position effect suggests that people will remember ________ items better than ________ items on a list.
A)middle and end; beginning
B)beginning and end; middle
C)beginning; middle or end
D)end; middle or beginning

Accepted Answer

The serial position effect is a phenomenon where people tend to remember items at the beginning (primacy effect) and end (recency effect) of a list better than those in the middle.

Question 3

This is an example of the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon.
A)Paul said "ooks" instead of "oops."
B)Simon wrote a song, but just couldn't recall the words at the moment.
C)Art said "white" instead of "black."
D)Peter experienced a sour sensation when he licked his lollipop.

Accepted Answer

The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon occurs when someone is unable to recall a word or phrase but has a strong feeling that they know it. Simon's inability to recall the words of his song at the moment is a classic example of this phenomenon.

Question 4

________ theory suggests that we forget things because other information is obstructing its storage or retrieval.
A)Recall
B)Decay
C)Blockage
D)Interference

Accepted Answer

Interference theory suggests that we forget not because memories are lost from storage but because other information gets in the way of being able to retrieve them.

Question 5

Research shows that introducing a time delay between the presentation of a list of words and a recall test impairs performance on recall of the end of the list.This finding can be interpreted as evidence for which theory of forgetting?
A)decay theory
B)interference theory
C)motivated forgetting theory
D)encoding failure theory

Accepted Answer

Decay theory suggests that memory fades over time if it is not accessed or rehearsed, which aligns with the finding that introducing a delay impairs recall, especially for items at the end of a list.

Question 6

A retrieval failure that involves a sensation of knowing something, but being temporarily unable to retrieve it, is called ________.
A)reintegration
B)regressed repression
C)the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
D)state-dependent forgetting

Accepted Answer

The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon describes the experience of feeling certain that one knows a piece of information but being temporarily unable to recall it.

Question 7

You are likely to forget your old address once you have learned your new one because of ________ interference.
A)semantic
B)episodic
C)proactive
D)retroactive

Accepted Answer

Retroactive interference occurs when new information interferes with the ability to remember old information, such as forgetting a previous address after learning a new one.

Question 8

According to the serial position effect, to increase the chance that you will be remembered by your host when introduced at a crowded party, you should try to be introduced ________.
A)seventh
B)in the middle
C)fourth
D)either first or last

Accepted Answer

The serial position effect suggests that items presented at the beginning (primacy effect) and end (recency effect) of a list (or sequence) are more likely to be remembered than those in the middle. Being introduced either first or last at a party increases the likelihood of being remembered by the host.

Question 9

To measure Anita's retention of the poems she learned 15 years ago, the time it took her to review, recall, and recite the poetry was recorded.This is an example of ________.
A)a recall ratio
B)relearning
C)reintegration
D)recognition

Accepted Answer

This is an example of relearning, which measures how much faster a person can relearn material they have previously studied compared to learning it for the first time. The process described involves Anita reviewing, recalling, and reciting poetry she learned 15 years ago, which fits the definition of relearning.

Question 10

________ theory suggests that memory is like any other biological process that deteriorates over time.
A)Deterioration
B)Interference
C)Decay
D)Amnesia

Accepted Answer

Decay theory suggests that memory fades due to the mere passage of time. Information is lost from memory because of the automatic decay or fading of the memory trace.

Question 11

________ theory suggests that memories stored in long-term memory are not actually forgotten, but rather are just temporarily unavailable.
A)Decay
B)Selective forgetting
C)Retroactive forgetting
D)Retrieval failure

Accepted Answer

Retrieval failure theory posits that memories in long-term storage are not lost but can become inaccessible, suggesting that the issue is with retrieving the memory, not its decay or removal.

Question 12

Encoding failure is likely due to ________.
A)a problem with implicit/nondeclarative memory
B)a failure of sensory memory
C)momentary inaccessibility
D)precise details in STM are overlooked during transfer to LTM

Accepted Answer

Encoding failure occurs when precise details in short-term memory (STM) are overlooked or not effectively transferred to long-term memory (LTM).

Question 13

Ebbinghaus found that he could remember ________ percent of a list of nonsense syllables an hour after learning the list perfectly, ________ percent a day later, and ________ percent a week later.
A)10; 20; 30
B)44; 35; 21
C)99; 90; 10
D)50; 49; 48

Accepted Answer

Ebbinghaus's research on memory and forgetting showed that memory retention declines over time, with a significant drop initially, which then levels off. His findings indicated that he could remember 44% of a list of nonsense syllables an hour after learning, 35% a day later, and 21% a week later.

Question 14

Research shows that when people are presented an irrelevant distractor stimulus at the end of a word list they must recall, it impairs their ability to recall the last item on the list compared to a control group to whom there was no distractor stimulus.This finding is evidence for which theory of forgetting?
A)decay theory
B)interference theory
C)motivated forgetting theory
D)retrieval failure theory

Accepted Answer

Interference theory suggests that forgetting occurs because memories compete with and disrupt each other. In this case, the irrelevant distractor stimulus acts as competing information that interferes with the recall of the last item on the list, aligning with the principles of interference theory.

Question 15

According to Ebbinghaus's curve of forgetting, the loss of information from memory ________.
A)is initially rapid, then slows
B)is initially slow, then speeds
C)occurs at a steady rate over time
D)occurs rapidly in children and older adults, but slower in young adults

Accepted Answer

Ebbinghaus's curve of forgetting demonstrates that memory loss happens quickly within the first few days of learning and then tapers off, indicating an initial rapid loss that slows over time.

Question 16

When taking an exam, students often do better with items taken from the first and last of the chapter covered by the exam.This demonstrates ________.
A)the superiority of distributed practice
B)source amnesia
C)the state-dependent effect
D)the serial-position effect

Accepted Answer

This phenomenon is known as the serial-position effect, which describes how people tend to remember the first and last items in a series better than the middle items.

Question 17

When you get to class today, you are shocked to find that there is a major unit exam taking place.It is also true that tests typically make you very anxious.Freud might suggest that his theory of ________ applies in this situation.
A)defense mechanisms
B)unconscious resistance
C)passive aggressiveness
D)motivated forgetting

Accepted Answer

The answer of When you get to class today, you...

Question 18

________ theory suggests that people block memories that could cause pain, threat, or embarrassment or provoke anxiety.
A)Blockage
B)Interference
C)Motivated forgetting
D)Defensiveness

Accepted Answer

Motivated forgetting theory posits that individuals may unconsciously block memories that could lead to discomfort, such as pain, threat, embarrassment, or anxiety, as a defense mechanism to protect their mental well-being.

Question 19

According to retrieval failure theory, memories stored in LTM are ________.
A)never really forgotten (tip-of-the-tongue-phenomenon)
B)interfered with by other stored memories
C)lost once they are transferred to the unconscious
D)forgotten rather than repressed

Accepted Answer

Retrieval failure theory suggests that memories stored in long-term memory (LTM) are not forgotten but may be temporarily inaccessible, as in the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon, where the memory is available but not retrievable at the moment.

Question 20

________ interference occurs when new information interferes with the recall of old information.
A)Retrograde
B)Retroactive
C)Anterograde
D)Proactive

Accepted Answer

Retroactive interference happens when newly learned information interferes with the recall of previously learned information.

Quiz 7: Memory

Relearning is the process of learning material , which usually takes time than original learning.

The serial position effect suggests that people will remember items better than items on a list.

This is an example of the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon.

________ theory suggests that we forget things because other information is obstructing its storage or retrieval.

Research shows that introducing a time delay between the presentation of a list of words and a recall test impairs performance on recall of the end of the list.This finding can be interpreted as evidence for which theory of forgetting?

A retrieval failure that involves a sensation of knowing something, but being temporarily unable to retrieve it, is called ________.

You are likely to forget your old address once you have learned your new one because of ________ interference.

According to the serial position effect, to increase the chance that you will be remembered by your host when introduced at a crowded party, you should try to be introduced ________.

To measure Anita's retention of the poems she learned 15 years ago, the time it took her to review, recall, and recite the poetry was recorded.This is an example of ________.

________ theory suggests that memory is like any other biological process that deteriorates over time.

________ theory suggests that memories stored in long-term memory are not actually forgotten, but rather are just temporarily unavailable.

Encoding failure is likely due to ________.

Ebbinghaus found that he could remember percent of a list of nonsense syllables an hour after learning the list perfectly, percent a day later, and percent a week later.

According to Ebbinghaus's curve of forgetting, the loss of information from memory ________.

When taking an exam, students often do better with items taken from the first and last of the chapter covered by the exam.This demonstrates ________.

When you get to class today, you are shocked to find that there is a major unit exam taking place.It is also true that tests typically make you very anxious.Freud might suggest that his theory of ________ applies in this situation.

________ theory suggests that people block memories that could cause pain, threat, or embarrassment or provoke anxiety.

According to retrieval failure theory, memories stored in LTM are ________.

________ interference occurs when new information interferes with the recall of old information.