Question 1

The creation of new neurons is called _____.

Accepted Answer

The creation of new neurons is referred to as neurogenesis. Neuroplasticity, on the other hand, describes the brain's ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections.

Question 2

Which neuroimaging technique involves placing electrodes on the scalp in order to assess the electrical activity in the brain?

Accepted Answer

Electroencephalogram (EEG) involves placing electrodes on the scalp to measure the electrical activity of the brain, making it a key tool for diagnosing conditions like epilepsy and sleep disorders.

Question 3

_____ are the immature precursors that give birth to new, specialized cells.

Accepted Answer

Stem cells are the undifferentiated cells that have the potential to develop into different types of specialized cells through the process of differentiation.

Question 4

The autonomic nervous system is subdivided into two branches called the _____ and _____ systems.

Accepted Answer

The autonomic nervous system is divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems, which regulate involuntary body functions.

Question 5

The _____ nervous system is responsible for involuntary tasks, whereas the _____ nervous system is responsible for voluntary tasks.

Accepted Answer

The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary tasks like heart rate and digestion, while the somatic nervous system is responsible for voluntary movements of the muscles.

Question 6

An impulse that travels inward from a sensory fiber to the spinal cord then outward to a muscle fiber without involving the brain is called a(n)_____.

Accepted Answer

This type of impulse is known as a reflex arc, which allows for a quick response to stimuli without the need for brain involvement, ensuring a rapid response to potentially harmful situations.

Question 7

A possible future treatment to help those paralyzed from spinal cord injuries to walk again is ______.

Accepted Answer

Stem cell transplants have shown promise in research as a potential treatment for repairing damaged spinal cord tissues, which could help those paralyzed from spinal cord injuries to regain some functions, including walking.

Question 8

Lightly stroking the sole of an infant's feet and seeing the toes fan out and the foot turn in is initiating the _____ reflex.

Accepted Answer

The Babinski reflex is observed when the sole of an infant's foot is lightly stroked, causing the toes to fan out and the foot to turn in. This reflex is a normal response in infants and typically disappears as the child grows older.

Question 9

Diane got very angry at Chris, and they argued over dinner.Afterward, Diane had a stomach ache.This was probably because:

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the body's "fight or flight" response, which can inhibit digestion during periods of stress or anger, as was likely the case during Diane's argument with Chris.

Question 10

In the future, _____ may be used to treat injury, eye disease, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, epilepsy, stress, and strokes.

Accepted Answer

Stem cells have the potential to develop into many different cell types in the body and offer a renewable source of replacement cells for various diseases and conditions, including those mentioned.

Question 11

Anna hears her teacher ask a question she knows the answer to, so she raises her hand so she can speak.In order for her to voluntarily raise her hand, the ________ nervous system would have to be employed.

Accepted Answer

The somatic nervous system is responsible for voluntary movements, such as raising a hand. This system controls the body's skeletal muscles, unlike the autonomic nervous system, which regulates involuntary functions.

Question 12

The somatic nervous system is made up of _____.

Accepted Answer

The somatic nervous system consists of peripheral nerve fibers that send sensory information to the central nervous system and motor nerve fibers that project to skeletal muscle. It is involved in voluntary movements and the reception of external stimuli.

Question 13

Sensory neurons carry messages _____ the central nervous system; motor neurons carry messages _____ the central nervous system.

Accepted Answer

Sensory neurons carry messages to the central nervous system from sensory receptors, while motor neurons carry messages away from the central nervous system to muscles and glands.

Question 14

The spinal cord is found inside the spinal column, and is involved in all but which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The spinal cord is primarily involved in relaying neural information between the brain and the body, and in reflex actions. It does not play a direct role in creativity and intelligence, which are functions of the brain, particularly the cerebral cortex.

Question 15

The _____ nervous system is responsible for fight or flight, whereas the _____ nervous system is responsible for calming us and conserving energy.

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the body's "fight or flight" response, activating physiological changes that prepare the body for action. The parasympathetic nervous system, on the other hand, is responsible for "rest and digest" functions, calming the body and conserving energy after the need for the fight or flight response has passed.

Question 16

The sympathetic and parasympathetic systems are branches of the _____ nervous system.

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic and parasympathetic systems are branches of the autonomic nervous system, which controls involuntary body functions.

Question 17

You have just touched a hot mug of coffee.Your hand immediately and reflexively pulls away.This action was controlled by your _____.

Accepted Answer

The reflex action of pulling your hand away from a hot object is controlled by the spinal cord, which processes the reflex without involving the brain for a quicker response.

Question 18

Movements that are initiated by an external stimulus and bypass input from your brain are called _____.

Accepted Answer

Reflexes are automatic, involuntary movements or actions that occur in response to an external stimulus, bypassing the brain's conscious control.

Question 19

The peripheral nervous system is made up of the______ nervous systems.

Accepted Answer

The peripheral nervous system is comprised of the somatic and autonomic nervous systems. The somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements, while the autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary body functions.

Question 20

Dr.Prathma is working with rats to identify the function of a specific area of the brain.He systematically destroys this brain part to see which functions become deficient in his laboratory rats.What is the name of this type of procedure?

Accepted Answer

Lesioning is a procedure used in neuroscience where specific areas of the brain are deliberately damaged or destroyed in order to study the effects on behavior or physiological functioning. This helps researchers understand the function of different parts of the brain by observing what abilities are lost or altered following the lesion.

Quiz 2: Neuroscience and Biological Foundations