Question 1

How did Mussolini come to power in Italy?

Accepted Answer

Mussolini was appointed prime minister by King Victor Emmanuel III after the March on Rome in 1922, which was a demonstration of power by the Fascist Party rather than a military coup or democratic election.

Question 2

Which of the following statements is true of city life in Europe in the inter-war period?

Accepted Answer

New media, such as radio and cinema, became widespread in the inter-war period, facilitating the rise of commercial advertising in European cities.

Question 3

Which of the following is true of the experience of European women in the inter-war period?

Accepted Answer

New technologies, such as vacuum cleaners and washing machines, reduced the time required for domestic tasks, allowing women more time for other activities.

Question 4

Why did the Great Depression result in so much political change in Europe?

Accepted Answer

The extreme suffering of poverty made people open to Communist systems.

Question 5

In Germany, what was an effect of the conditions stipulated by the Versailles treaty?

Accepted Answer

The Treaty of Versailles imposed heavy reparations on Germany, which significantly hindered its economic recovery after World War I.

Question 6

What were Hitler's strengths as a political leader at the time of the formation of the Nazi Party?

Accepted Answer

Hitler was known for his powerful oratory skills and ability to articulate a vision that resonated with many Germans, particularly during times of economic and political instability. This helped him gain support for the Nazi Party.

Question 7

Which of the following are considered the two primary causes of declining birthrates in the 1920s?

Accepted Answer

The availability of birth control and general economic uncertainty were significant factors in the decline of birthrates during the 1920s, as they influenced family planning decisions and economic considerations.

Question 8

Which of the following nations maintained stable democratic governments throughout the interwar period?

Accepted Answer

The Scandinavian nations, such as Sweden, Denmark, and Norway, maintained stable democratic governments throughout the interwar period, unlike the other regions mentioned.

Question 9

Which of the following European countries was hit the hardest during the Great Depression?

Accepted Answer

Germany was hit the hardest during the Great Depression due to its heavy reliance on American loans and the severe economic impact of the Treaty of Versailles, leading to hyperinflation and high unemployment.

Question 10

Which European nation accepted the highest percentage of immigrants in the inter-war period?

Accepted Answer

France accepted the highest percentage of immigrants in the inter-war period, largely due to labor shortages and the need to rebuild after World War I.

Question 11

Which of the following was a powerful challenge facing all new states created by the Treaty of Versailles?

Accepted Answer

The Treaty of Versailles redrew national boundaries, often grouping diverse ethnic groups within new states, leading to ethnic tensions.

Question 12

In the years before Lenin's death, what approaches advocated by Trotsky did Stalin publicly oppose?

Accepted Answer

Stalin opposed Trotsky's ideas of encouraging communism abroad (permanent revolution) and forcing rapid industrialization, favoring socialism in one country and a more gradual approach.

Question 13

Which of the following was an outcome of the Beer Hall Putsch?

Accepted Answer

The Beer Hall Putsch was a failed coup attempt by Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party in 1923. As a result, Hitler was arrested and sentenced to prison, where he wrote "Mein Kampf."

Question 14

What did the Bauhaus School focus on promoting?

Accepted Answer

The Bauhaus School focused on promoting functional design in architecture, emphasizing simplicity, practicality, and the integration of art, craft, and technology.

Question 15

What group in Germany was hostile to the Weimar Republic?

Accepted Answer

Military leaders in Germany were hostile to the Weimar Republic as they were dissatisfied with the Treaty of Versailles and the perceived weakness of the democratic government.

Question 16

How did Stalin come to power?

Accepted Answer

Stalin strategically placed his allies in key positions within the Communist Party, which allowed him to consolidate power and eventually marginalize and force out his main rival, Leon Trotsky.

Question 17

What historical precedent did Mussolini's corporatism reference?

Accepted Answer

Medieval guilds were the historical precedent for Mussolini's corporatism.

Question 18

During the inter-war period, what opinion did much of the British and French public hold in response to the experiences of World War I?

Accepted Answer

Many in the British and French public viewed World War I as a devastating and wasteful conflict, leading to a strong desire to avoid future wars.

Question 19

Most states that were created following the Treaty of Versailles-such as Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Poland, and Turkey-started out by embracing

Accepted Answer

These states initially embraced a "social" vision of democracy, focusing on social welfare and democratic governance, as they sought to establish new national identities and political systems after World War I.

Question 20

What economic approach was advocated by John Maynard Keynes?

Accepted Answer

John Maynard Keynes advocated for government intervention in the economy to stimulate demand, particularly through public spending, to manage economic cycles and mitigate recessions.

Quiz 22: Ideologies: the Triumph of Political Extremes, 1922-1940