Question 1

Exhaustion occurs if stress continues and _____ is not successful.

Accepted Answer

Exhaustion occurs when the body has been unable to adapt to prolonged stress, resulting in a breakdown of physiological and psychological functioning. The flight or fight response (A) and alarm (B) are the initial responses to stress and are not necessarily indicative of exhaustion. Arousal (D) refers to a state of heightened physiological and psychological activity and is not necessarily indicative of exhaustion either.

Question 2

When assessing the effects of elevated β-endorphins in a patient, which of the following should the nurse monitor?

Accepted Answer

Elevated β-endorphins can lead to pain inhibition, as these endogenous opioids can bind to receptors in the brain and spinal cord to decrease the perception of pain.

Question 3

A student arrives at school to find that he or she has an exam for which the student is unprepared. Which physiological response would be expected?

Accepted Answer

In a stressful situation like an unexpected exam, the body's "fight or flight" response is activated, leading to increased glucagon release to raise blood glucose levels for energy.

Question 4

A 10-year-old female is arriving at a national spelling bee contest. Her heart starts beating faster and harder, and she begins to sweat. Which of the following is she experiencing?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A 10-year-old female is arriving at a...

Question 5

Stress induces sympathetic stimulation of the adrenal medulla. This causes the secretion of catecholamines, which include:

Accepted Answer

When the body is under stress, the sympathetic nervous system stimulates the adrenal medulla, which releases catecholamines, such as epinephrine and norepinephrine, into the bloodstream. These hormones prepare the body for the fight or flight response. Aldosterone and cortisol are not catecholamines, although they are also hormones produced by the adrenal gland.

Question 6

After teaching about coping, which information indicates a correct understanding?

Accepted Answer

Coping involves managing stressful challenges by using various strategies to handle stress and adapt to difficult situations.

Question 7

A 35-year-old male is diagnosed with a hormone-secreting tumour of the adrenal medulla. He experiences elevated blood pressure and increased anxiety. Which of the following hormones is the predominant one released by the tumour?

Accepted Answer

The adrenal medulla predominantly secretes catecholamines, mainly epinephrine and norepinephrine. In the case of a pheochromocytoma, a type of adrenal medulla tumor, norepinephrine is often the predominant hormone released, leading to symptoms like elevated blood pressure and anxiety.

Question 8

When a patient is diagnosed with a hormone-secreting tumour of the adrenal cortex, which physiological response might also occur?

Accepted Answer

Hormone-secreting tumors of the adrenal cortex often produce excess cortisol, leading to Cushing's syndrome, which can increase the risk of gastric ulcers due to increased gastric acid secretion and reduced protective factors in the stomach lining.

Question 9

What does stress-induced catecholamine release from the adrenal medulla result in?

Accepted Answer

Elevated blood pressure is a result of stress-induced catecholamine release from the adrenal medulla. Catecholamines, such as epinephrine and norepinephrine, cause vasoconstriction, which increases blood pressure.

Question 10

A nurse recalls that stress-induced stimulation of the adrenal cortex causes it to secrete:

Accepted Answer

Stress-induced stimulation of the adrenal cortex causes it to secrete cortisol, a hormone that helps regulate the body's response to stress. Estrogen is not produced by the adrenal gland, but by the ovaries. Parathyroid hormone is produced by the parathyroid gland, which is separate from the adrenal gland. Adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) is produced by the anterior pituitary gland, which stimulates the adrenal gland to produce cortisol.

Question 11

Which of the following hormones enhances myocardial contractility?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine is a hormone released by the adrenal gland in response to stress or perceived danger, and it has a significant impact on the cardiovascular system. One of its effects is to increase myocardial contractility, or the strength of the heart's contractions. This provides a short-term boost to cardiac output, allowing the body to respond to the stressful situation.

Question 12

When a patient uses repression to deal with psychological stress, which of the following assessment findings should the nurse monitor for? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

The answer of When a patient uses repression to deal...

Question 13

A female student is driving to school when another driver nearly hits her. Her heart begins beating harder and faster as she becomes aroused and scared. Which of the following stages of the general adaptation syndrome is she experiencing?

Accepted Answer

The alarm stage of the general adaptation syndrome is characterized by the activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the release of stress hormones such as adrenaline and cortisol. The described scenario of almost getting hit while driving is a stressful event that triggers the alarm stage response, causing the student's heart rate to increase as she becomes aroused and scared.

Quiz 9: Stress and Disease