Question 1

What kind of thinking acknowledges that adult predicaments must sometimes be resolved in relativistic terms?

Accepted Answer

Postformal thought is a type of thinking that recognizes the complexity of adult life and the need for solutions that are not always black and white, but rather relativistic and context-dependent.

Question 2

According to Vygotsky,if a child receives assistance with a task,she or he may improve substantially more than another child who does not receive help.What term did Vygotsky use to describe the assistance or structuring provided by others?

Accepted Answer

Scaffolding is the term Vygotsky used to describe the support and assistance provided by others to help a child learn and perform tasks they cannot do independently.

Question 3

Which criticism has been applied to Piaget's stage theory of cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

Piaget's theory has been criticized for suggesting that cognitive development occurs in distinct stages, whereas research indicates that development is more continuous and gradual.

Question 4

Which developmental psychologist argued that cognitive development is a result of social interactions in which children learn through guided participation and working with mentors to solve problems?

Accepted Answer

Lev Vygotsky argued that cognitive development is largely a result of social interactions, where children learn through guided participation and collaboration with more knowledgeable others, such as mentors or peers.

Question 5

According to Vygotsky,what is the level at which a child cannot fully perform a task independently,but can do so with the assistance of someone more competent?

Accepted Answer

The zone of proximal development (ZPD) is a concept developed by Vygotsky, referring to the difference between what a child can do independently and what they can do with guidance from someone more skilled.

Question 6

What did developmental psychologist K.Warner Schaie call the first stage of cognitive development,encompassing all of childhood and adolescence?

Accepted Answer

K. Warner Schaie referred to the first stage of cognitive development as the "acquisitive stage," which encompasses all of childhood and adolescence, focusing on acquiring knowledge and skills.

Question 7

Which criticism has been applied to Piaget's stage theory of cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

Piaget's theory has been criticized for being based on observations of a limited cultural group, which may not accurately represent universal cognitive development processes.

Question 8

According to developmental psychologist K.Warner Schaie,the stage in which the major concerns of middle-aged adults relate to their personal situations is also known as what?

Accepted Answer

The responsible stage, according to K. Warner Schaie, is when middle-aged adults focus on their personal situations, including family, career, and community responsibilities.

Question 9

Which criticism has been applied to Piaget's stage theory of cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

Piaget's theory has been criticized for underestimating children's cognitive abilities, as research has shown that children can master certain tasks earlier than Piaget suggested.

Question 10

Using K.Warner Schaie's stages of adult development,which issue would a senior citizen most likely be focused on and interested in?

Accepted Answer

According to K. Warner Schaie's stages of adult development, senior citizens are often in the "Reintegrative Stage," where they focus on issues that have direct personal relevance, such as health care benefits.

Question 11

According to K.Warner Schaie,what is the stage in which people in middle adulthood may become involved in organizations where they have a larger purpose in society?

Accepted Answer

The executive stage is when individuals in middle adulthood may become involved in organizations and activities that allow them to have a larger purpose in society, focusing on broader societal issues and responsibilities.

Question 12

How did Jean Piaget describe the developmental stage during which people acquire the ability to think abstractly?

Accepted Answer

Jean Piaget described the formal operational stage as the developmental stage where individuals acquire the ability to think abstractly, which typically begins around age 11.

Question 13

According to K.Warner Schaie,what is the main cognitive developmental task of young adulthood?

Accepted Answer

According to K. Warner Schaie, the main cognitive developmental task of young adulthood is "achievement," where individuals focus on applying their knowledge to achieve personal and career goals.

Question 14

How does postformal thought fundamentally differ from Piaget's notion of formal operations?

Accepted Answer

Postformal thought recognizes that real-world problems often have complex, ambiguous solutions and that multiple perspectives can be valid, unlike Piaget's formal operations which focus on logical, abstract thinking with clear solutions.

Question 15

According to developmental psychologist K.Warner Schaie,the point reached by young adults in which intelligence is applied to specific situations involving the attainment of long-term goals regarding careers,family,and societal contributions is identified as which stage?

Accepted Answer

The achieving stage is when young adults apply their intelligence to achieve long-term goals related to careers, family, and societal contributions.

Question 16

How do the theories of cognitive development proposed by Gisela Labouvie-Vief and Jean Piaget compare?

Accepted Answer

Labouvie-Vief proposed the concept of postformal thought, suggesting cognitive development continues beyond Piaget's formal operations stage, which Piaget considered the final stage.

Question 17

According to the theories of Gisela Labouvie-Vief,the complexity of society requires specialization of thought.Therefore,thought is not necessarily based on only logic but also requires which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Gisela Labouvie-Vief's theories suggest that thought in complex societies requires practical experience, as it involves integrating logic with real-world situations and emotions.

Question 18

According to Piaget,what do adolescents rely on during the formal operational stage of cognitive development that helps them reason differently than children in the concrete operations stage?

Accepted Answer

During the formal operational stage, adolescents develop the ability to think abstractly and use propositional thought, which allows them to reason logically about hypothetical situations and abstract concepts, unlike the concrete operational stage where thinking is limited to tangible and concrete objects.

Question 19

Which term did Lev Vygotsky use to describe the physical items that a child uses to learn,as well as the intellectual and conceptual framework that the child uses to learn?

Accepted Answer

Lev Vygotsky used the term "cultural tools" to describe both the physical items and the intellectual and conceptual frameworks that children use to learn.

Question 20

According to K.Warner Schaie,what is the main cognitive developmental task of people in late adulthood?

Accepted Answer

In late adulthood, according to K. Warner Schaie, the main cognitive developmental task is the reintegration of personal interests, where individuals focus on activities and interests that are personally meaningful and satisfying.

Quiz 5: Cognitive Growth: Piaget and Vygotsky

What kind of thinking acknowledges that adult predicaments must sometimes be resolved in relativistic terms?

According to Vygotsky,if a child receives assistance with a task,she or he may improve substantially more than another child who does not receive help.What term did Vygotsky use to describe the assistance or structuring provided by others?

Which criticism has been applied to Piaget's stage theory of cognitive development?

Which developmental psychologist argued that cognitive development is a result of social interactions in which children learn through guided participation and working with mentors to solve problems?

According to Vygotsky,what is the level at which a child cannot fully perform a task independently,but can do so with the assistance of someone more competent?

What did developmental psychologist K.Warner Schaie call the first stage of cognitive development,encompassing all of childhood and adolescence?

Which criticism has been applied to Piaget's stage theory of cognitive development?

According to developmental psychologist K.Warner Schaie,the stage in which the major concerns of middle-aged adults relate to their personal situations is also known as what?

Which criticism has been applied to Piaget's stage theory of cognitive development?

Using K.Warner Schaie's stages of adult development,which issue would a senior citizen most likely be focused on and interested in?

According to K.Warner Schaie,what is the stage in which people in middle adulthood may become involved in organizations where they have a larger purpose in society?

How did Jean Piaget describe the developmental stage during which people acquire the ability to think abstractly?

According to K.Warner Schaie,what is the main cognitive developmental task of young adulthood?

How does postformal thought fundamentally differ from Piaget's notion of formal operations?

According to developmental psychologist K.Warner Schaie,the point reached by young adults in which intelligence is applied to specific situations involving the attainment of long-term goals regarding careers,family,and societal contributions is identified as which stage?

How do the theories of cognitive development proposed by Gisela Labouvie-Vief and Jean Piaget compare?

According to the theories of Gisela Labouvie-Vief,the complexity of society requires specialization of thought.Therefore,thought is not necessarily based on only logic but also requires which of the following?

According to Piaget,what do adolescents rely on during the formal operational stage of cognitive development that helps them reason differently than children in the concrete operations stage?

Which term did Lev Vygotsky use to describe the physical items that a child uses to learn,as well as the intellectual and conceptual framework that the child uses to learn?

According to K.Warner Schaie,what is the main cognitive developmental task of people in late adulthood?