Question 1

Which organ provides nourishment and oxygen to a developing fetus via the umbilical cord?

Accepted Answer

The placenta is the organ that provides nourishment and oxygen to a developing fetus via the umbilical cord.

Question 2

Monozygotic twins who are raised in different adoptive households would provide an opportunity to disentangle the relative effects of which two developmental factors?

Accepted Answer

Monozygotic twins share the same genotype, so any differences between them must be due to environmental factors. Raising them in different adoptive households would provide an opportunity to disentangle the relative effects of heredity and the environment.

Question 3

During the time between puberty and menopause,females will ovulate in periods of approximately how many days?

Accepted Answer

The average menstrual cycle lasts 28 days, with ovulation occurring around day 14.

Question 4

What do developmentalists call patterns of arousal and emotionality that represent consistent and enduring characteristics in an individual?

Accepted Answer

Temperament refers to the patterns of arousal and emotionality that are consistent and enduring characteristics in an individual, often considered innate and observable from early childhood.

Question 5

Which process identifies genetic defects by examining a small sample of fetal cells drawn by a needle inserted into the amniotic fluid?

Accepted Answer

Amniocentesis is a procedure used to diagnose genetic defects by extracting a small sample of fetal cells from the amniotic fluid using a needle.

Question 6

Which "Big Five" personality trait refers to the degree of emotional stability an individual characteristically displays?

Accepted Answer

Neuroticism is the "Big Five" personality trait that refers to the degree of emotional stability an individual characteristically displays.

Question 7

Bitsy is pregnant,but continues to consumes substantial quantities of alcohol.What risk is she imposing on her unborn child?

Accepted Answer

Bitsy's alcohol consumption during pregnancy can lead to fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), which encompasses a range of effects that can occur in an individual whose mother drank alcohol during pregnancy.

Question 8

Laurel has had difficult pregnancies and has also developed a rare form of cervical cancer.Which drug might have been prescribed to Laurel's mother when she herself was pregnant?

Accepted Answer

Diethylstilbestrol (DES) was a drug prescribed to pregnant women between the 1940s and 1970s to prevent miscarriages and other pregnancy complications. It was later found to cause rare cancers and reproductive issues in the daughters of women who took it.

Question 9

Which developmental psychologist endorsed the idea that genetic endowment provided to children by their parents not only determines their genetic characteristics,but also actively influences their environment?

Accepted Answer

Sandra Scarr proposed the theory of gene-environment interaction, suggesting that genetic endowment influences the environments children experience, as parents provide environments that are influenced by their own genetic predispositions.

Question 10

Which term refers to the determination of an individual's traits through a combination of both genetic and environmental factors?

Accepted Answer

Multifactorial transmission refers to the process by which traits are determined by a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

Question 11

What is the term for the procedure in which a woman's ova are removed from her ovaries,and a man's sperm are used to fertilize the ova in a laboratory?

Accepted Answer

In vitro fertilization (IVF) is the process where a woman's eggs are removed from her ovaries and fertilized with a man's sperm in a laboratory setting.

Question 12

Which hormone in males do some scientists speculate may lead to differences in male and female brain structure,and later variations in gender-related behavior?

Accepted Answer

Androgens, such as testosterone, are male hormones that influence the development of male characteristics, including brain structure, potentially leading to differences in behavior between genders.

Question 13

Which invasive test can be used if blood tests and ultrasound have identified a potential problem with the developing child,or if there is a family history of inherited disorders?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which invasive test can be used if...

Question 14

What is a teratogen?

Accepted Answer

A teratogen is an environmental factor that can cause harm to a developing fetus, leading to birth defects or developmental issues.

Question 15

What is the name of the period from 2 to 8 weeks following fertilization,during which significant growth occurs in the major organs and body systems?

Accepted Answer

The embryonic stage is the period from 2 to 8 weeks following fertilization, during which significant growth occurs in the major organs and body systems.

Question 16

Which term describes a pregnancy that ends before the developing child is able to survive outside of the mother's womb?

Accepted Answer

Spontaneous abortion is the medical term for a miscarriage, which is when a pregnancy ends on its own before the fetus can survive outside the womb.

Question 17

Huela talks to her physician about assessing the health of her unborn child.The physician recommends a test that combines a blood test and ultrasound sonography.Which procedure did the physician recommend?

Accepted Answer

The first-trimester screen is a procedure that combines a blood test and ultrasound sonography to assess the health of an unborn child.

Question 18

During the embryonic stage of prenatal development,which term refers to the layer of cells that forms the muscles,bones,blood,and circulatory system?

Accepted Answer

The mesoderm is the layer of cells in the embryonic stage that develops into muscles, bones, blood, and the circulatory system.

Question 19

During which stage of prenatal development does the child become easily recognizable?

Accepted Answer

During the fetal stage, which begins at the end of the eighth week after conception and continues until birth, the developing child undergoes significant growth and development, making it easily recognizable as a human.

Question 20

Which stage of prenatal development formally starts when the differentiation of the major organs has occurred?

Accepted Answer

The fetal stage begins after the embryonic stage, once the major organs have differentiated and the organism is referred to as a fetus.

Quiz 2: Genetics, Prenatal Development, and Birth