Question 1

Restless legs syndrome is frequently treated with:

Accepted Answer

L-dopa is commonly used to treat restless legs syndrome as it helps to increase dopamine levels, which can alleviate symptoms.

Question 2

Who is likely to have the longest periods of R-sleep throughout the night?

Accepted Answer

Infants typically have the longest periods of REM (R-sleep) sleep compared to other age groups, as their sleep cycles are shorter and they spend a larger proportion of their sleep in REM.

Question 3

According to the _____ hypothesis, dreams are taken from an individual's personal memories and experience but have no meaning.

Accepted Answer

The activation-synthesis hypothesis suggests that dreams are the result of the brain's attempt to make sense of random neural activity, and they do not have inherent meaning.

Question 4

An example of sleep as a biologically adaptive behavior is seen in the tendency of _____ to sleep longer than _____.

Accepted Answer

Predators tend to sleep longer than prey because they are at less risk of being attacked while sleeping, allowing them to afford longer rest periods.

Question 5

According to psychoanalysts, the _____ of dreams is important, as it might reveal insight into the patient's problems.

Accepted Answer

Psychoanalysts, particularly those following Freudian theory, believe that the latent content of dreams, which is the hidden psychological meaning, provides insight into the unconscious mind and can reveal underlying issues or desires.

Question 6

Sleep spindles and K-complexes are associated with:

Accepted Answer

Sleep spindles and K-complexes are characteristic features of N2 sleep, which is a stage of non-REM sleep.

Question 7

Someone who feels tingling and pain in the legs at night when trying to sleep may have:

Accepted Answer

Restless legs syndrome is characterized by an uncontrollable urge to move the legs, often accompanied by tingling or pain, especially at night or when trying to sleep.

Question 8

Letizia is participating in a study on sleep. As she sleeps, the researchers are likely to notice that in the first part of her night's sleep, _____ sleep is prominent, whereas in the second part, _____ sleep dominates.

Accepted Answer

In the first part of the night, Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) sleep, particularly the deeper stages like N3, is more prominent. In the second part of the night, Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep becomes more dominant.

Question 9

REM (rapid eye movement) sleep occurs during:

Accepted Answer

REM sleep, or rapid eye movement sleep, is also referred to as R-sleep, which is distinct from the NREM stages (N1, N2, N3).

Question 10

Dreaming occurs most commonly during:

Accepted Answer

Dreaming most commonly occurs during REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep, which is a stage of sleep characterized by rapid movement of the eyes, increased brain activity, and vivid dreams.

Question 11

Why might eyes and facial muscles twitch during REM sleep?

Accepted Answer

During REM sleep, the brain is highly active and is believed to be tuning and strengthening neural circuits, which can cause minor muscle twitches, including in the eyes and facial muscles.

Question 12

Atonia is the:

Accepted Answer

Atonia refers to the absence of muscle activity, particularly during REM sleep, to prevent the body from acting out dreams.

Question 13

As Ove is in REM sleep, he is most likely to dream about:

Accepted Answer

The answer of As Ove is in REM sleep, he...

Question 14

Adults spend _____ in REM sleep than children.

Accepted Answer

Adults spend less time in REM sleep compared to children, as the proportion of REM sleep decreases with age.

Question 15

Restless legs syndrome is most common in:

Accepted Answer

Restless legs syndrome is more common in women than in men.

Question 16

The theory that dreams signify distant human memories was expounded by:

Accepted Answer

Carl Jung proposed the idea that dreams could reflect distant human memories, archetypes, and the collective unconscious.

Question 17

Body temperature generally _____ during sleep.

Accepted Answer

During sleep, the body's metabolic rate decreases, leading to a drop in body temperature.

Question 18

Victoria is watching her cat sleep on the floor. The cat is sprawled out and very still; only its eyes and paws slightly twitch occasionally. It would appear that Victoria's cat is in _____.

Accepted Answer

The cat's eyes and paws twitching suggest that it is in REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep, which is characterized by such movements.

Question 19

The coping hypothesis of dreams was expounded by:

Accepted Answer

Antti Revonsuo proposed the coping hypothesis of dreams, suggesting that dreams simulate threatening events to help individuals practice coping strategies.

Question 20

Although Hester, a 4-year-old, spends a lot of time in R-sleep, she regularly experiences frightening dreams called _____ in N-sleep.

Accepted Answer

Night terrors occur during N-sleep (non-REM sleep) and are characterized by intense fear and panic, often without the detailed storylines of regular dreams.

Quiz 13: Why Do We Sleep and Dream