Question 1

When an axon terminal synapses on another axon terminal, it is called an _____ synapse.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When an axon terminal synapses on another...

Question 2

A(n) _____ is formed when connexin proteins in one cell membrane make a hemichannel that connects to a hemichannel in an adjacent cell's membrane, allowing ions to pass between the two neurons in both directions.

Accepted Answer

A gap junction is formed when connexin proteins create hemichannels that connect adjacent cells, allowing ions to pass directly between them.

Question 3

Interneuronal communication may occur via _____ gap junctions.

Accepted Answer

Interneuronal communication can occur through gap junctions in all the mentioned types: axoaxonic, dendrodendritic, and somasomatic.

Question 4

A chemical that has not yet met all the conditions to constitute a neurotransmitter is referred to as a(n):

Accepted Answer

A putative neurotransmitter is a chemical that is suspected to be a neurotransmitter but has not yet met all the criteria to be classified as one.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT part of the amine subtype of small-molecule neurotransmitters?

Accepted Answer

Glycine is not an amine subtype of small-molecule neurotransmitters. It is an amino acid neurotransmitter.

Question 6

A Renshaw loop consists of:

Accepted Answer

A Renshaw loop involves an interneuron, known as a Renshaw cell, which inhibits the activity of a motor neuron. This feedback mechanism helps regulate motor neuron activity and maintain muscle control.

Question 7

Which activity do neurotransmitters NOT perform?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which activity do neurotransmitters NOT perform?
...

Question 8

_____ synapses send signals from an axon to a cell body.

Accepted Answer

Axosomatic synapses send signals from an axon to a cell body.

Question 9

Which determines whether a message will be excitatory or inhibitory?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which determines whether a message will be...

Question 10

_____ is found in foods such as egg yolk, avocado, salmon, and olive oil.

Accepted Answer

Choline is a nutrient found in foods like egg yolk, avocado, salmon, and olive oil.

Question 11

The exocytosis mechanism that releases a neurotransmitter may have evolved from which process?

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis in neurotransmitter release is similar to the process used by single-celled organisms to expel waste or digestive byproducts, suggesting an evolutionary link.

Question 12

Tyrosine hydroxylase is NOT involved in the synthesis of:

Accepted Answer

Tyrosine hydroxylase is an enzyme involved in the synthesis of catecholamines, such as dopamine, L-dopa, and norepinephrine, but not acetylcholine.

Question 13

Acetylcholine is deactivated through:

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine is primarily deactivated by enzymatic degradation through the action of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, which breaks it down into acetate and choline.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a neurotransmitter classification type?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acids are not a classification type for neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters are typically classified as small molecules, peptides, or gaseous.

Question 15

Gap junctions:

Accepted Answer

Gap junctions can be open or closed, are known as electrical synapses, and allow the exchange of substances between glial cells and neurons.

Question 16

_____ is a neurotransmitter that helps control arousal, walking, and the contraction of smooth muscle. When activated in allergic reactions, it also contributes to asthma, a constriction of the airways.

Accepted Answer

Histamine is a neurotransmitter involved in arousal and the contraction of smooth muscle. It plays a role in allergic reactions and can cause asthma by constricting airways.

Question 17

_____ was the first neurotransmitter discovered in the CNS.

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine was the first neurotransmitter discovered in the central nervous system (CNS) by Otto Loewi in 1921.

Question 18

Which of the following is a criterion for identifying a neurotransmitter?

Accepted Answer

All of the listed criteria are necessary for identifying a neurotransmitter: synthesis or presence in the neuron, release and response upon neuron activation, and a removal mechanism.

Question 19

Which type of synapses have round synaptic vesicles, are typically located on dendrites, and have dense material in the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes?

Accepted Answer

Excitatory synapses typically have round synaptic vesicles, are located on dendrites, and have dense material in both the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes.

Question 20

Which two enzymes are involved in the synthesis of acetylcholine from acetate and choline?

Accepted Answer

Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) is the enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of acetylcholine from acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA) and choline.

Quiz 5: How Do Neurons Communicate and Adapt